【正文】 運(yùn)用新觀念，以中小企業(yè)需 求為出發(fā)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行金融產(chǎn)品的推廣和創(chuàng)新，摒棄“零風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”信貸管理機(jī)制，對(duì)法人信譽(yù)良好、市場(chǎng)良好的、符合國家產(chǎn)業(yè)貸款需求的要予以大力支持。 中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 15 結(jié) 論 目前中小企業(yè)存在規(guī)模小、抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力弱、財(cái)務(wù)制度不完善、破產(chǎn)率高、缺乏抵押擔(dān)保等問題，商業(yè)銀行對(duì)于中小企業(yè)的貸款往往存在著巨大的懷疑，這是由于各種貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所造成的，因此對(duì)于中小企業(yè)的貸款申請(qǐng)有著許多的規(guī)定制約。在此，再次向我的指導(dǎo)老師蔡永燦老師致以最崇高的敬意。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。m nothing if not that! In his text he expounds on the idea that one must give their life a purpose. And that is the true topic of this entry. These last four years have been so easy: teach for a grand total of six hours a week, and the rest of my time is mine. Since I39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。 Botoc Claudiu amp。建議地方政府加強(qiáng)法制和宣傳和培訓(xùn)，相關(guān)部門做好普法宣傳，倡導(dǎo)誠信文化，嚴(yán)懲逃廢債務(wù)的行為。創(chuàng)新貸款模式，開發(fā)商圈貸款、行業(yè)貸款、供應(yīng)鏈貸款、產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)貸款等模式，創(chuàng)新?lián)７绞?，進(jìn)一 步增強(qiáng)中小企業(yè)的融資能力。除此之外，還可以用一些別的方法來增加現(xiàn)金流入，同時(shí)減少不規(guī)則或季節(jié)性收入因素的影響。銀行和中小企業(yè)之間的這種信息不對(duì)稱問題，一方面中小企業(yè)片面追求高利潤，可能投資收益更高、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大的項(xiàng)目，使貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大增加；另一方面，銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)為了降低放貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，只能進(jìn)行兩種選擇：一是銀行回避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減少、甚至停比對(duì)中小企業(yè)發(fā)放貸款，二是銀行采取相關(guān)措施加強(qiáng)信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，提高向中小企業(yè)發(fā)放貸款的條件，無論采取哪種選擇，都加大了中小企業(yè)從銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲得貸款的難度。當(dāng)產(chǎn)品不能滿足客戶需求，企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品銷 售也就會(huì)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的困境，最終導(dǎo)致企業(yè)無法繼續(xù)經(jīng)營下去只能破產(chǎn)倒閉。 2021年 5 月中國人民銀行對(duì)民營中小企業(yè)的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，商業(yè)銀行對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款覆蓋率只有 %，說明大部分中小企業(yè)并沒有獲得銀行貸款，而發(fā)達(dá)國家的貸款覆蓋率為 50%，與發(fā)達(dá)國家水平有較大差距。 銀行借款程序 本文主要研究的信貸籌資就屬于債務(wù)籌資中的銀行借款。這樣的結(jié)果在一定程度上會(huì)制約中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展。這些相似性體現(xiàn)在：第一，大部分銀行己經(jīng)把中小企業(yè) 金融服務(wù)作為戰(zhàn)略性領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行開發(fā)，并己建立了中小企業(yè)金融服務(wù)的專營機(jī)構(gòu)。 研究背景及研究意義 研究背景 中小企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著不可替代的功能和作用，無論是發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家，中小企業(yè)都是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的重要支柱，并成為拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要力量和吸納社會(huì)就業(yè)的主要載體。本文結(jié)合我國中小型企業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，重點(diǎn)分析中小企業(yè)如何更成功地通過外部籌資方式而進(jìn)行的銀行與非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)信貸籌資，通過研究如何解決中小企業(yè)信貸籌資的困境并基于中小企業(yè)自身現(xiàn)狀及銀行方面的管理體制，參考國外經(jīng)驗(yàn)并結(jié)合我國實(shí)際情況，為我國中小型企業(yè)的未來 建設(shè)及更好的經(jīng)營管理提供合理依據(jù)和針對(duì)性建議。 [2]從研究結(jié)論來看，令人吃驚的是，無論發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家，銀行中小企業(yè)貸款的相似性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于差異性。 [5]呂曉芳（ 2021）從目前銀行的信用評(píng)估體系出發(fā)，發(fā)現(xiàn)目前缺乏有效針對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款信用的評(píng)估體系，中小企業(yè)因資信評(píng)級(jí)通常難以達(dá)到銀行放貸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而被銀行排除在放貸對(duì)象之外。 [10]一般來說，企業(yè)最基本的籌資方式就是兩種：股權(quán)籌資和債務(wù)籌資。[11]我國中小企業(yè)籌資總量中一半以上主要依靠商業(yè)銀行貸款或者民間借貸籌資而得到，且借貸期限普遍較短，數(shù)額較小，主要用于解決臨時(shí)性流動(dòng)資金需求。因此當(dāng)公司一旦陷入困境就開始削減成本，但隨之而來的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題也層出不窮。 [14] 究其原因主要是中小企 業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營管理、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、財(cái)務(wù)管理和信息披露等方而沒有建立健全的、有效的制度，使債權(quán)人缺乏了解中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營狀況和財(cái)務(wù)狀況的渠道。另外在企業(yè)有能力的情況下，可以留出適當(dāng)?shù)膫溆媒?，來預(yù)防自然災(zāi)害、能源缺失等情況的發(fā)生導(dǎo)致的損失。同時(shí)，針對(duì)股權(quán)等權(quán)益，研究開發(fā)適應(yīng)中小企業(yè)中長(zhǎng)期資金需要的金融產(chǎn)品。各地政府應(yīng)逐步建立完善的企業(yè)征信體系，將工商、稅務(wù)、勞動(dòng)、社保、質(zhì)檢、司法、公用事業(yè)等部門相關(guān)信息納入企業(yè)征信數(shù)據(jù)庫，同時(shí)要鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)加強(qiáng)管理，完善治理結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)營機(jī)制，積極加入征信體系。 S. L. Schmukler,“ Bank Involvement with SMEs : Beyond Relationship Lending,”Journal of Banking and Finance， Vol. 34， No. 9(2021):22802293. [3]粟勤，田秀娟 . 近二十年海外銀行中小企業(yè)貸款研究及新進(jìn)展 [J]. 浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版 )， 2021（ 1）： 5362 [4]潘 玲 . 我國銀行業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與中小企業(yè)貸款技術(shù) —— 基于上市中小企業(yè)貸款數(shù)據(jù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究 [D].西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)， 2021 [5]陳佳 . 中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系研究 [D]. 華中師范大學(xué)， 2021 [6]呂曉芳 . 我國中小企業(yè)貸款信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)研究 [J]. 中國管理信息化， 2021（ 9）：46 [7]宋朋來 . 俄羅斯成立中小企業(yè)貸款擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)我國的啟示 [J]，財(cái)政金融， 2021（ 5）： 100 [8]劉金文 . 基于中小企業(yè)、銀行和政府三方動(dòng)態(tài)博弈的中小企業(yè)貸款難題研究 [J].金融監(jiān)管研究， 2021（ 9）： 6984 [9]Pirtea Marilen amp。80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldn39。s essay affects me very deeply. Not as an urging to bee self reliant – I39。s Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has bined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25yearold khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a sixmember band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writes－ all while playing the horsehead fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the b oundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the ―Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight‖ session at China Guardian 2021 spring auctions, Pan Tianshou’s representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Keran’s masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to billion yuan from billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2021 Spring Auctions, which recorded million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 pared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of fery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the longlasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,‖ said the president of China Guardian’s Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing