【正文】 在信息和通訊方面 TION 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。學(xué)者需要重新審視生產(chǎn)國的影響在一個(gè)更現(xiàn)實(shí)的和復(fù)雜的設(shè)置和國家的品牌。早在擴(kuò)散過程中。這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)陶瓷行業(yè)的初始生產(chǎn)（即，餐具，瓷磚，磚和衛(wèi)生潔具行業(yè)）帶來了創(chuàng)新的主要問題即生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性，制造一個(gè)杯子，磚瓦如前所述。在一些組織中，更多的接受和好奇的業(yè)務(wù)態(tài)度 也顯示，積極探索在非常不同行業(yè)的其他行業(yè)，以適用于制造工藝技術(shù)，生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)觀點(diǎn)。在陶瓷行業(yè)，真空干燥技術(shù)研究就是一個(gè)例子。比如 花了大約 7 年時(shí)間的真空干燥技術(shù)，作為一個(gè)潛在的解決方案進(jìn)入陶瓷行業(yè)，以低耗能和減短時(shí)間的要求，用于干燥的陶瓷潔具。 陶瓷行業(yè)的發(fā)展借鑒許多以前傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)，通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，也取得了前所沒有的發(fā)展速度，使陶瓷行業(yè)在眾多行業(yè)中脫穎而出。 外部資金來源，包括英國政府（例如，貿(mào)工部，能源技術(shù)支持單位）和歐洲委員會(huì)（例如，焦耳合作組織）的。 (4). 其他創(chuàng)新的影響 創(chuàng)新工作的時(shí)間是從計(jì)劃文件審議通過審核和落實(shí)，到技術(shù)獲得了有意義的回報(bào)這一段時(shí)間。這些來源包括政府，貿(mào)易和工業(yè)部（ DTI）和歐洲委員會(huì)的經(jīng)費(fèi)。致力于陶瓷行業(yè)的陶瓷技術(shù)研究所（ RTO）是成立于 1948 年，它為所有陶瓷企業(yè)提供廣泛的服務(wù)（例如，咨詢，測(cè)試和技術(shù)支持），其中包括傳統(tǒng)陶瓷精粹文化和先進(jìn)的陶瓷技術(shù)。 這個(gè)地區(qū)由于其當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的粘土窯煤是最適合陶瓷生產(chǎn)。葡京， Dionysis Skarmeas 和卡門 Lages 的調(diào)查公司的客戶和競(jìng)爭者導(dǎo)向的拉動(dòng)作用，創(chuàng)新能 力和這些能力對(duì)企業(yè)的影響當(dāng)前和未來的表現(xiàn)。有時(shí)他們甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生和傳播虛假信息，或?qū)е仑?fù)面的運(yùn)動(dòng)，以保護(hù)自己的利益。然而，在這方面的研究幾十年來沒有取得大步。 2 在創(chuàng)新和擴(kuò)散研究中出現(xiàn)的問題 當(dāng)?shù)陌８ダ滋? 1962 年，有 405 對(duì)論文的主題（羅杰斯， 1995）。 individuals and groups that facilitate and stimulate the process of innovation. Often referred to in the literature as project champions or (technical) gatekeepers, there is much emphasis on the need for such individuals in the ceramics industry. The term personalities is used purposefully, since observation and interviews have highlighted that this is often what is needed in order to drive innovation forward. Interviews also emphasised some of the traits such as thorough flexibility and experience of the industry a personality should have. An often cited example of a project champion in the ceramics industry is that of Pilkington. Particulate material folklore has it that Pilkington wanted to produce flat screen glass, yet was unsure how to do it. One day, one of the members of the Pilkington family was washing up and noticed how the grease and washing fluid floated on the surface of the water. In a Eureka moment he posed the question to his organisation if it was possible to float glass in a similar fashion to produce an even layer. The result was a process for floating glass on liquid tin and drawing it through. Be it fact or fiction, this highlights the role of both the project champion and the technical gatekeeper. 5. Other influences on innovation The time that an innovation effort can take from the point of inception, through realisation and exploitation and to gaining a meaningful payback is something that is not often considered in the literature. In the ceramicsindustry, the timescale of innovation is of great importance. The research identified two timescales which affected innovation: Inception to realisation – Depending on the nature of the innovation this can take up to a decade. Airless Drying took about seven years from first entering the ceramics industry as a potential solution to high energy and time demands in the drying of ceramicware. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell research has been ongoing for approaching a decade. Although, many would say that this is a perennial problem for the UK manufacturers, and not specific to the ceramics industry, this does represent an elongated timescale. Realisation to payback – Once an innovation has been realised, it has to be either sold or installed before it can be judged as a success or failure and before any payback can be achieved from its use. These timescales highlight how organisations are no longer investing today to reap for tomorrow, but to possibly reap in anything up to 15 years. Funding considerations are also key to innovation success in the industry. Interviews highlighted five forms of funding, based on sources both internal and external to the organisation: Internal source: (1) inhouse funding。t made big strides for decades. Active research on many critical issues such as industryuniversity collaboration, technology transfer, and the evaluation of earlystage hightech firms, is necessary. Third, as the world bees smaller, the issue of global diffusion garners more attention. Therefore, more research on technology adoption needs to focus on the country level adoption rather than individual or pany level ones. To better understand and forecast the country level diffusion, one needs to figure out the differences among various economies in terms of information and munication infrastructure. Measurements and classification schemes are essential in order to build and test the theories on this matter. The fourth challenging issue in innovation and diffusion research is regarding the role of social works. A unified TAM developed by Venkatesh,Davis,Morris,Davis, and Davis(2020)identify social in fluenceas a key construct that determines both usage intention and usage behavior. Though theoretical research in this venue is very active these days(. Goldenberg et al.,2020。s success (Yalcinkaya, Calantone, amp。盡管有許多的突破性技術(shù)的發(fā)展和產(chǎn)品，高科技企業(yè)，或大或小，仍掙扎在創(chuàng)建和擴(kuò)大新的市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。創(chuàng)新采用與擴(kuò)散，從而產(chǎn)生了眾多的管理見解，有價(jià)值的高科技公司的經(jīng)理。測(cè)量和分類計(jì)劃必要的，以便在這個(gè)問題上的理論來構(gòu)建和測(cè)試。如社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（ SNS）的扮演重要的角色，通過營銷策略的創(chuàng)新，效率和效益的基礎(chǔ)在網(wǎng)上或移動(dòng) SNS 要求核查。早期生命周期的數(shù)據(jù)提供了有關(guān)見解在不同時(shí)期通過的決定因素的差異產(chǎn)品擴(kuò)散過程。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種革命性的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位產(chǎn)生了，這個(gè)先行者就是韋奇伍德。最近，雖然輕微，用人經(jīng)理和管理人員從其他的趨勢(shì)，技術(shù)更先進(jìn)，產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)。 另一個(gè)組織和管理帶來的顯著作用，就是陶瓷行業(yè)的創(chuàng)新意識(shí) 。 固體氧化物燃料電池的研究已經(jīng)持 續(xù)了接近十年。行業(yè)中的 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新組織 的作用，是保持和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展中發(fā)輝至關(guān)重要的作用。因此，往往尋求外部資金。無論是事實(shí)還是虛構(gòu)的，這凸顯了兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目技術(shù)至關(guān)的作用。因此，他們尋求外部資金和項(xiàng)目管理的支持。 他們與監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，以及企業(yè)的合作，也讓他們占盡地利，并提供他們的行業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。明頓和斯波德喬賽亞在 18 世紀(jì)在英國斯塔福德郡成立了陶器聯(lián)盟，合并成為特倫 特河畔斯托克。安娜他們盡量減少在許多方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其次，企業(yè)尋求在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的增長機(jī)會(huì)在技術(shù)的商業(yè)化的過程中變得越來越重要。在最后一節(jié)，來賓編輯承認(rèn)這一特殊問題的貢獻(xiàn)者。t handle it from the inception point in anything other than with business objectives at the end. Much of this project planning and consequent management is, however, very dependent on the source of funding for innovation. As emphasised above, many ceramics panies do not have the resources to innovate beyond incremental improvements and amendments,