【正文】 unications delegated full responsibility for road safety policy. In the United States against a background of sharply rising road casualties the Highway Safety Act of 1970 created a traffic safety agency, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). NHTSA delivered the first set of vehicle safety standards and encouraged a new way of thinking about traffic safety strategy. The agency is responsible for reducing deaths, injuries and economic losses resulting from motor vehicle crashes. It aims to acplish this by setting and enforcing safety performance equipment, and by providing grants to state and local governments to enable them to conduct effective local road safety programmes. NHTSA investigates safety defects in motor vehicles, helps states and local munities deal with the threat posed by drunken drivers, promotes the use of safety belts, child safety seats and air bags, and provides consumer information on motor vehicle safety topics. NHTSA also conducts research on traffic safety and driver behaviour. While giving responsibility for road safety to a standalone agency is likely to increase the priority given to road safety, strong political support and actions from other agencies are essential to bring about major changes(72). If the establishment of a standalone agency to coordinate activity is not possible, then an alternative is to strengthen the existing road safety unit, giving it greater powers within the government transport ministry(34). The experience from a wide rang of countries is that, whatever the organizational structure, it is important that the lead governmental organization for road safety should be clearly defined,with its specific responsibilities and coordinating roles set out (66,72). Parliamentary mittees Experience worldwide demonstrates that effective road safety policies can also arise out of the efforts of informed and mitted members of parliament. In the Australian state of New South Wales in the early 1980s, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Road Safety was responsible for the introduction and full implementation of random breath testing, which led to a 20% reduction in deaths and according to surveys was supported by over 90% of people. Earlier, in the neighbouring state of Victoria, political action and a report by a parliamentary mittee had led to the world39。該研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的行為可以增加交通傷害的危險(xiǎn)，由此制定了交通安全的公民教育課程。合理的制度環(huán)境必須建立在道路預(yù)防傷害上，專業(yè)人員和決策者，都應(yīng)該相互鼓勵(lì)，執(zhí)行立法機(jī)關(guān)的規(guī)定，提供一個(gè)刺激和有效的反應(yīng)制度。美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局（ NHTSA）通過調(diào)查機(jī)動(dòng)車輛的安全缺陷，幫助各州和地方社區(qū)，解決醉酒駕駛造成的威脅處理問題，促進(jìn)汽車安全帶的使用，鼓勵(lì)設(shè)置兒童安全座椅和安全氣囊。根據(jù)觀察，現(xiàn)在有足夠證據(jù)表明，在沒有政府的干預(yù)或者取代時(shí)，自由市場(chǎng)機(jī)制能夠提供更大的安全保障。然而，在 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代，瑞典和美國(guó)就曾經(jīng)建立了交通安全機(jī)構(gòu)，在一個(gè)相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，他的地位是凌駕于主要的交通部門之上的。 議會(huì)委員會(huì)的成立 全世界的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，有效的道路安全政