【正文】 元，（世界旅行和旅游理事會， 1996年）。 Watson, 1994。中文 2540字 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料譯文 外文資料翻譯 （譯文不少于 2021 漢字） 1．所譯外文資料： ① 作者： Tamara R225。 Murphy, 1994。 旅游的數(shù)量和意義清楚地顯示了在旅游發(fā)展過程中， 為了減少消極 內(nèi)容擴大 積極影響 只是 發(fā)展新形勢的“另類”旅游是不夠的， 全行業(yè)必須 統(tǒng)一 制定和 遵循一條法則，這就是 不破壞自然和社會文化環(huán)境 ，這是世界各地的 旅游業(yè) 的職責。 各個方面的可持續(xù)性沒有競爭，但必須被視為同樣重要。世貿(mào)組織， 1996年 。 旅游業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為在同一時間經(jīng)濟上可行的，自然 的， 文化敏感 的旅游發(fā)展方式。 可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)有幾個定義。 Swarbrooke, 1996。szl243。 WWF, 1992。 ” 在世界各地，旅游業(yè)是一 項 重要的經(jīng)濟活動 ，到 1997年，已經(jīng)有 ，并且創(chuàng)造了 。在旅游中，文化可持續(xù)性是指 某一社會能夠保持或調(diào)整自己獨特的文化特質(zhì) 以抵抗 雙方的壓力， 即 所謂的 “旅游文化 ”和 旅游者的 “殘余文化 ”（賈法里， 1987年）。墨菲， 1994年 。 在進展的測量中 個別的目的是實現(xiàn)旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指標是普遍接受的一套有用的工具。 （旅游關(guān)懷與世界自然基金會， 1992年）。 Munt, 1998), the indicators suggested for the purpose of this study are the following (Table 1): Table 1 Indicators of Sustainability in Rural Tourism Indicator Measure 1. Stress Number of visitors/tourists (per annum/season) 2. Social stress Ratio of visitor/tourist numbers to local population (per annum/season) 3. Attractiveness List of natural and cultural resources Rate of attractiveness of natural and cultural resources 4. Planning process Existence of local/regional plan for development 5. Tourism planning process Existence of local/regional plan for tourism development 6. Area protection Category of protection Percentage of protected area pared to the whole territory of the destination 7. Local involvement Ratio of the number of locally owned tourist businesses to the total number of tourist businesses 8. Local control Existence of formal measures (public hearing, munity meeting, local referendum) to ensure local control over development planning and implementation 9. Employment Number of jobs created in tourism (fulltime equivalent) Ratio of local employee number to the number of guest workers 10. Tourism contribution to the local economy Proportion of total tax ine generated by tourism only 11. Economic diversity Share of different economic activities in the total tax ine 12. Energy consumption Ratio of renewable energy sources to nonrenewable energy sources (consumption) 13. Waste management Percentage of households with proper sewage system Percentage of waste receiving treatment 14. Education and training Percentage of local people involved in tourism with professional training and education Distribution of tourism employees by education Percentage of tourism employees (and local people) participating in onthejob training in a given time period 15. Local satisfaction Overall perception of tourism39。s resources has been analysed and the concept of sustainable tourism appeared. Su