【正文】 ir243。nɡ)不耐癥（Lactose intolerance）,主要癥狀：胃腸不適、脹氣、痙攣(j236。,Glucagon secreted by pancreas enters bloodstream,Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown,Glucose is secreted into bloodstream and transported to cells,Liver cell membrane,When blood glucose is low……,胰高血糖素,第五十四頁，共六十二頁。,When our body uses proteins for energy, the amino acids from these proteins cannot be used to make new cells, repair tissue damage, support our immune system, or perform any of their other functions.,Using amino acids in this manner over a prolonged period of time can cause serious, possibly irreversible, damage to these organs.,第四十七頁，共六十二頁。ng),乳糖(rǔ t225。,(2) 控制體重(tǐzh242。,When our intestinal bacteria try to digest resistant starch, a fatty acid called butyrate is produced. Consuming resistant starch may be beneficial because butyrate is suggested to reduce the risk of cancer.,豆科食物（Legumes）含有的抗性淀粉比谷類、蔬菜(shūc224。,Polysaccharides,Starch,Glycogen,Fiber,淀粉(di224。,Disaccharides—Maltose （麥芽糖）,Maltose: also called malt sugar, consist of two molecules of glucose. It does not generally occur by itself in foods, but results as a byproduct of digestion.,Glucose,第十四頁，共六十二頁。i) Classification of carbohydrates,雙糖(shuānɡ t225。第一章 營養(yǎng)學基礎(chǔ)(jīchǔ),碳水化合物 Carbohydrates,第一頁，共六十二頁。nɡ),多糖(duō t225。,Disaccharides—Sucrose（蔗糖(zh232。nfěn),糖原(t225。i)和水果多。ng)和減肥 May enhance weight loss, as eating a high fiber diet causes a person to feel more full.,Fiber absorbs water, expands in our intestine, and slows the movement of food through the upper part of the digestive tract.,第二十九頁，共六十二頁。nɡ),第三十七頁，共六十二頁。,3.抗生酮作用(zu242。,Normally, insulin and glucagon balance each other to maintain blood glucose within a healthy range.,If this balance is altered, it can lead to health conditions such as diabetes（糖尿?。?or hypoglycemia（低血糖癥(dī xu232。nɡ lu225。ng)總結(jié),第一章 營養(yǎng)學基礎(chǔ)。,內(nèi)容(n232。,Lactose intolerance: A disorder in which the body does not produce sufficient lactase enzyme（乳糖酶）and therefore cannot digest foods that contain lactose, such as cow’s milk.,乳糖(rǔ t225。,Glucose in blood enters cells,Insulin stimulates glucose transport into cell,Insulin secreted by pancreas enters bloodstream,Tissue cell membrane,When blood glucose is high……,第五十三頁，共六十二頁。i)和膳食中的蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠咸烟?,糖異生(gluconeogenesis),Gluconeogenesis: The generation of glucose from the breakdown of protein into amino acids.,第四十六頁，共六十二頁。t225。)糞便排出 Helps prevent constipation and other intestinal problems by keeping our stools moist and soft.,Functions of dietary fiber,Dietary fiber increases faecal bulk through water binding by fiber. Fiber gives gut muscles“something to push” a