【正文】 Ashgate,2021 3. Feng Cuihua,English Rhetorical Options [M]Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press ,1995 4. Francis Katamba,English Words [M]London。 語(yǔ)言和文化密切相關(guān)，語(yǔ)言層面上的差異很大程度上反映了文化的差異。 the turtle is just a slowmoving and not very attractive creature. Moreover, the word “dog” in English and Chinese also has different association. Admittedly, the endeared qualities of the animal to Western people are found in dogs in China as well: loyalty, dependability, courage, intelligence. But in China, dogs are first of all watchdogs, no pets. They are kept because they are useful, not because they are good panions. Dogs are generally associated with unpleasantness. Consider namecalling in Chinese: 走狗、狗仗人勢(shì)、狐朋狗友、狼心狗肺、狗嘴吐不出象牙 . On the other hand, the Westerners praise the dog’s loyalty much 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2021 屆專科畢業(yè)論文 8 and call the dog as the “man’s best friend”, so there is a saying: “as wary as a dog”. And people always take “dog” for describing a person “Dog does not eat dog.”, “Lucky dog.”, “Every dog has his day.” or “Love me, love my dog.” Idioms with the Same Cultural Reflection but Uses Different Images Language is the most principal means for intercultural munication. Idioms, a part of language, are the essence of culture in every country. Using language in such munication, we often e across some idioms with distinctive cultural characteristics, so it is a very important and plicated thing for us to understand and use these idioms correctly. The idioms, with vivid cultural background, reflect the tradition of a nation, which has a close relationship with its nation’s habits and thinking methods. For example, in English they use “as tame as a chicken” for describing tameness. While in Chinese we use 馴服的羊羔 . Furthermore, “as dirty as a dog” is describing dirtiness in English while we use “pig” for the same purpose. Chinese has the idiom 亂七八糟 or 七上八下 , but English expresses the same meaning with “at sixes and sevens”.膽小如鼠 is the phrase for characterizing a person in Chinese but its equivalence in English is “as timid as a hare”. Different Words in Different Cultural Backgrounds For the culture, location, social system, political system, religious and economical development are different from place to place, we can find cultural gaps especially in using words. For example, England and other Western countries are Christianity while China is a country of Buddhism. In China, Buddhism has a deep affection: every person knows the story “Three Monks”. But translating t his story into English with exact expression is not easy because English countries are not familiar with 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2021 屆?？飘厴I(yè)論文 9 the concept of “monk”. 4. Factors Affecting Word Cultural Differences Between Chinese and English There are many factors affecting cultural differences, which would cause different word associations between English and Chinese. Such factors are as follows: History Influence Every country possesses its own historical culture. And the history is the gem of human cultural heritage. The cultural traits of people are rooted in the history. So, it is necessary to learn the knowledge of the historical background. Chinese history differs from British and American history. They have their own historical cultures, which reflect the national characteristic. China is an ancient country with 5000 years’ agricultural cultivation. In ancient time, agriculture is the fundamental trade, so people are all familiar with farming and they have a lot of vocabulary about farming. Besides, the animal cattle are the main farm labor, which do much farm work for people. Consequently, Chinese people cherish a deep affection for the cattle “ 牛 ”. In the mind of the Chinese people, cattle are always hard working and unafraid of hardships. Lu Xun ever wrote: “ 橫眉冷對(duì)千夫指，俯首甘為孺子牛。 中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版社， 1990 23. 楊宇光 ,黃關(guān)福 , 英漢英美社會(huì)生 活詞典 。s ways of thinking or the procedure of thinking, which is assimilated by some certain society culture. English should use many kinds of connection to attain grammar pletion. Its sentence was wellanized and wellranged in structure that you can understand it at a glance。本文通過語(yǔ)言交流的重要性，英漢文化差異的主要體現(xiàn)，影響文化差異的因素三大方面對(duì)比分析一些具體的語(yǔ)言材料和具體事例，說明由于歷史背景和宗教信仰等因素，探討英漢文化所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的詞匯文化，語(yǔ)言交流文化，費(fèi)語(yǔ)言交流文化以及思維方式之間的差異。Penguin Books,1998 8. Ma Zhanxiang,The Interaction between the Cooperate Principle and the PoliteNess Principle in Pragmatics [J]Journal of Inner Mongolia of Education (Philo Sophy amp。 To Chinese people, however, the dog 狗 is derogatory term. People have negative attitudes to the animal dog 狗 ,such as 狗頭軍師 (a person who offers bad advice),狗腿子 (henchman),狗仗人勢(shì) (be a bully with the backing of a powerful),狗眼看人低 (be a bloody snob).English customs and habits are different from Chinese ones in many aspects. It is hard for English speakers to understand why 走狗 (servile follower) is a pejorative 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2021 屆專科畢業(yè)論文 11 term in Chinese. People from different cultures understand the same word or phrase differently because of the different word associations. In western legends the bat is often pictured as a creature that causes a feeling of mystery and fear. The associations that bats arouse in Englishspeaking people are: fright and revulsion. Such a custom produces a number of expressions bearing a negative sense to refer to this ugly creature: old bat, as blind as a bat, as crazy as a bat. On the contrary, in Chinese culture, the bats carry much positive connotations. The bat is a symbol of good fortune, wellbeing and happiness, because the name of the creature pronounces the same as the word 福 (bless) in Chinese. Many traditional designs show two bats together forming a circle indicating “ 雙福 ”(double blessings)or five bats arranged in the pa