【正文】 對本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。馬克吐溫的悲觀主義思想主要表現(xiàn)在對人性 的失望和宿命論，這兩方面的思想都對他的后期創(chuàng)作以及后來的作家產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 in The Mysterious Stranger, he developed fatalism to nihilism. From Mark Twain’s pessimism, readers can understand the evil of money and illusion of democracy in American society. We should not be critical about his pessimism. Instead, we should think about whether we can withstand temptation when we face it. Works Cited Elliot, E. Columbia Literary History of the United States. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 1994. Howells. My Mark Twain. New York: New York Harpers Press, 1910. Horton, Rod, and Edwards. Backgrounds of American Literary Thought. New Jersey: PrenticeHall， Inc. 1974. Twain, Mark. The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg. Peking: Tsinghua University Press, 20xx. Twain, Mark. The Autobiography of Mark Twain. Peking: Peking Normal University Press, 1994. 董衡巽， 《 馬克吐溫畫像 》 . 上海：上海文藝出版社， 1991. 陳慧姝 ， 馬克吐溫晚年悲觀主義及其產(chǎn)生原因初探 .學(xué)理 論 ,20xx， 31021702. 高麗萍 ， 馬克吐溫的思想變遷解析 .學(xué)理論 , 20xx(31). 童彥 ， 馬克 、圖 表要求： 1）文字通順，語言流暢，書寫字跡工整，打印字體及大小符合要求，無錯別字，不準(zhǔn)請他人代寫 2）工程設(shè)計類題目的圖紙，要求部分用尺規(guī)繪制，部分用計算機(jī)繪制，所有圖紙應(yīng)符合國家技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。 the town was stripped of the last rage of its ancient glory. Its mourning was not showy, but it was deep.‖ （ 241） The couple realized their desire but dead at last. Here, Mark Twain told a bizarre story to readers. He revealed the moral status and social reality by his text. Through the wonderful plot design, Mark Twain revealed the moral status by actions of people in the town when they faced the gold coin. Furthermore, the process of trying to claim the coin was a true portrayal of capitalists when they faced huge amount of money. Here his text is closely related to the culture and society of the 19th century in America. At that time, America entered a stage of imperialism. Capitalist ran after money without caring about anything. This society was far away from Mark Twain’s ideal society. And Mark Twain could not find a reasonable solution and explanation to the ugly world, so his mind is filled with pessimistic mood. 2 From the aspect of characters Mark Twain designed the character of the stranger mainly to expose the evil essence of human nature. The stranger was a visitor to Hadleyburg, who was a concentrated reflection of blackness in human nature. He was a narrowminded man. He revenged the town for he was offended in the town and he kept the injury in mind. He gave all his leisure time to try to invent a pensating satisfaction for it. Also, he was cunning and malicious. He wanted to damage everyone in the town—not in their bodies or in their estate, but in their vanity—the place where feeble and foolish people were most vulnerable. Therefore, ―what he wanted was a plan which would prehend the entire town, and not let so much as one person escape unhurt.‖ Mark Twain expressed his viewpoint of human nature through the character of the stranger. In his eyes, there were no merits in human nature. From the angle of the author, Twain’s pessimism was displayed by his disappointment to human nature. As readers, we can understand his pessimism from another angle. That is taking the stranger as a symbol of cultural intrusion. The stranger was an outsider and came to Hadleyburg with a motivation to disturb the order of the town and expose the most dishonorable parts of people. He came to the town not to bring prosperity but disasters to it. Mark Twain thought all visitors only brought destruction and disasters to local people. He was disgusted about the outsider’s intervention as well as its devastating effects. However, the intrusion of another culture not only brought destruction to local people, but also brought some positive changes to them. For example, the stranger brought a mirror—a bag of gold coin for the civilizations to see clearly what the town was like. Mark Twain only focused on the negative effects of such intrusion. He thought cultural intrusion was totally bad so that people should do nothing but prevent such cultural intrusion. To make a conclusion, the character of the stranger was a plicated one. Mark Twain created such a character to display his despair to human nature and his pessimistic mood to cultural intrusion. We can also understand Twain’s pessimism from the character of the Richards. The Richards were older. They were so poor that they could hardly refuse the temptation of such a huge amount of gold coin. The gold coin weighed a hundred and sixty pounds four ounces. Facing such a huge amount of money, they selfishly had the desire of getting the gold coin. And they gradually lose control of their will as they had the desire to get the money. They ever tried to fight with their greed but failed. ―Lead us not into…… but —but—we are so poor, so poor! Lead us not into……Ah, who would be hurt by it?—and no one would ever know……Lead us…… ‖(200) At last, their will was beaten by the desire. And they walked into the trap designed by the stranger.