【正文】 red. ALL things are.‖(235)We know that the Richards previously had the opportunity to refuse the temptation but they failed to grasp it. When faced with money, their will could not withstand a single blow. Just because they did not believe that they could control their will, they walked to death with great anxiety and fear. Mr. Richard explained what happened to the order of God. That was a portrayal of Mark Twain, he explained those things that he could not understand to fate. In his mind, people could not control their will when they were faced with temptation and became the slave of desire. By creating the character of the Richards, Mark Twain made an exposure of greed and selfishness of human nature. Also, he displayed his belief in fatalism. He thought man could hardly dominate their destiny. Chapter Three The effects of Twain’s pessimism 1 Effect on his later writing In his work the Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg, Mark Twain showed a sense of despair to human nature and he became to believe in fatalism. In Twain’s mind, people were honest just because they did not have the opportunity to expose their ugly and greedy essence. Furthermore, man could hardly control their desire and was easily tempted by the bag of gold coin. The novel The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg took the corruption of the town as a center and revealed Twain’s writing theme in his last twenty years. That is corrupting value and distorted morality of American society in the later 19th century. Mark Twain almost continued his pessimistic idea in all his later works. In The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg, Mark Twain expressed his disappointment to the evil of human nature by creating characters of the Richards and the stranger. Human nature is greedy, selfish, malicious, hypocritical and cunning. His disappointment to human nature developed to extreme in his later works, such as What is Man. In What is Man, Mark Twain ever wrote that among all the living things, man was the worst. From here, we can see that he became more and more disappointed at human nature in his later works. Mark Twain even pared human to animal, he thought man had no superiority of nobility. This kind of ethics, itself, has a pessimistic color. In The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg, there is a preliminary expression of fatalism in the figure of the Richards. And the idea of fatalism affected his later creation of another novel. That was The Mysterious Stranger. In the Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg, Mark Twain held the view that God controlled everything and man could not dominate their destiny. Based on fatalism, he developed a sense of nihilism in The Mysterious Stranger. He believed that man was just a form to carry energy. All is a dream, and everything does not exit except the empty space. It is evident that in his later life, Twain’s mind is filled with pessimism and despair, so do his works. 2 Effects to later writers Mark Twain’s pessimism not only affected his later writing, but also had a profound effect on later writers. In the late of 19th century, there was a moral wasteland caused by the uncontrolled material and political development in America. Some thinkers and writers, therefore, became pessimistic to American society just as Mark Twain. Naturalism was transplanted from France to the USA in the last ten years of 19th century. And it developed to a mainstream in American literature by the middle of 20th century. Vernon Parrington ever summed up six standards of naturalistic novel, two of which were fatalism philosophy and pessimism. (Horton, Rod. and Edwards 292) Mark Twain, as a realist, affected the development of Naturalism because he was also pessimistic and began to develop a sense of fatalism in his old ages. Corrupting value and distorted morality of American society, the theme of the writings in his last 20 years, was also the one naturalistic writers tried to explore in their works. Conclusion The Man that Corrupted the Hadleyburg was a representative of satire novel of Mark Twain. In this work, his pessimism was revealed. Mark Twain was pessimistic to human nature and he became to believe in fatalism. In his mind, there were no merits in human nature. All people were selfish, greedy and malicious. He also believed in fatalism. When people were faced with temptation, they could not refuse it but be tempted by it. They explained their destiny to the order of God. He displayed his pessimism by designing a bizarre plot and creating the characters of the stranger and the Richards. His pessimistic idea greatly affected his later writing. In What is Man, he became totally pessimistic to human nature。對本研究提供過幫助和做出過貢獻的個人或集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。 涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。圖表整潔，布局合理，文字注釋必須使用工程字書寫，不準(zhǔn)用徒手畫 3）畢業(yè)論文須用 A4 單面打印，論文 50 頁以上的雙面打印 4）圖表應(yīng)繪制于無格子的頁面上 5）軟件工程類課題應(yīng)有程序清單，并提供電子文檔 1）設(shè)計（論文） 2）附件：按照任務(wù)書、開題報告、外文譯文、譯文原文（復(fù)印件）次序裝訂 3）其它