【正文】 水資源最多的年份往往是降水量較多的年份，而缺水年份則完全對應于干旱年份，水資源和氣候降水有較強的正相關關系。當雨峰值過大的時候，地面排水與地下雨水管渠相結合的方式來實現一般排放和超標雨水的排放，避免內澇等災害。人工濕地凈化：分為2個處理過程，一是初級凈化池，凈化經土壤滲濾的雨水；二是次級凈化池，進一步凈化初級凈化池排出的雨水，以及經土壤滲濾排出的雨水；經二次凈化的雨水排入下游清水池中，或用水泵直接提升到山地貯水池中。概念上來講生態(tài)滯留區(qū)就是淺水洼地或景觀區(qū)利用工程土壤和植被來存儲和治理徑流的一種形式，治理區(qū)域包括草地過濾，砂層和水洼面積、有機層或覆蓋層、種植土壤和植被。即把雨水留下來，要尊重自然的地形地貌，使降雨得到自然散落。雨水通過這些“海綿體”下滲、滯蓄、凈化、回用，最后剩余部分徑流通過管網、泵站外排，從而可有效提第三篇：海綿城市簡介海綿城市簡介海綿城市就是讓城市能夠像海綿一樣，在適應環(huán)境變化和應對自然災害等方面具有良好的海綿性，下雨時吸水、蓄水、滲水、凈水，需要時將蓄存的水“釋放”并加以利用。In addition to alleviate the problem of flood discharge in urban waterlogging, slow, construction of jinan city sponge, more is to solve how to protect the spring, the problem of water shortage and ecological cultivation, so as to build the ecological and sustainable features hydrosphere, ensure the springs of water sustainable “surge”, to ensure permanent city ，城市建設區(qū)大部分為老城區(qū)，存在問題多、改造難度大。In urban road system, construction of jinan city road as runoff and its one of the main places of pollutants from the road planning, design to construction to implement the low impact development philosophy and control all projects under construction in accordance with the requirements for sponge city to carry out the urban planning, design and south road, west road extending expressway, and implementation plan of shun the southern section of the road phase ii, such as municipal road engineering, takes the lead in implementing the pavement, accessory parking lot and square permeable pavement, construction falling tree green space and ecological pool and rainwater storage pool, sets up the model, prehensive advancement, the maximum play to the water function, such as labor and the accumulation rainwater for road ，新開發(fā)片區(qū)應將海綿城市建設要求納入城市規(guī)劃建設管控環(huán)節(jié)，在建與既有建筑小區(qū)要因地制宜進行適當改造，試點片區(qū)內的既有與在建建筑小區(qū)要建設下沉式綠地、可滲透路面、綠色屋頂及透水性停車場等，并設置雨水收集調蓄設施，對地面徑流有組織地進行匯集與輸送，采取截污等預處理措施后引入原有或新建綠地滲透、調蓄，將蓄積雨水用于小區(qū)內綠化澆灌等。Now, in the construction of the sponge city as the goal, in jinan, systematic analysis of the current urban development and the reality demand, on the basis of in accordance with the related requirements of construction sponge, made sponge implementation plan of the construction of the city of jinan, the roadmap and timetable of sponge city accordance with the acquisition of general secretary “priority to water saving and spatial equilibrium, system management, his hands with” water control idea and the sponge city “permeability, hysteresis, storage, net, with,” system requirements, jinan will overall implementation of urban water system, landscape system, road traffic system, building munity system and capacity building system(including monitoring and evaluation).By 2020, the realization of rainwater runoff volume control is not less than 70%, testing of no less than 75%, the corresponding control design is 27 mm rainfall, annual average control runoff volume is million cubic meters, preliminary built city pipe drainage system by sponge, urban construction general region return period all amounting to more than 3 years in a standard urban storm sewer system, the general area once every three years and key areas use once every 5 ~ 10 years and underground passage and falling square with 20 ~ 30 prevention standards to achieve effective against 50 years of flood control standard amounting to more than 50 years in a xingji river flood control standard of 100 ，按照“具有系統(tǒng)性、創(chuàng)新性、示范性以及可實施、可持續(xù)性”的原則，濟南市選定大明湖興隆片區(qū)作為試點，總面積39平方公里，濟南市計劃利用兩年的時間，主要實施小區(qū)綜合提升、公園綠地建設、透水路面改造、河道整治、地表水轉換地下水、危舊管網改造等43項整治項目，全面建成后，污水集中處理率、再生水利用率分別達到98%和25%，供水管網漏失率低于10%，雨水徑流外排污染物負荷削減率不低于60%，為全面鋪開海綿城市建設積累經驗。18”特大洪澇災害的隱憂始終存在，城市排水防澇總體形勢嚴峻。第一篇：海綿城市 中英對照Name spring of jinan born because of the “spring”, has been included in the list of two Chinese natural and cultural heritages, prepare, “only in China, the world famous”, is in jinan, and the nation39。it is the physical characteristics of the meteorological north low concentration and the rainy season in July and August the climate characteristics of overlapping, coupled with excessive hardening on the ground, urban flash flood phenomenon, appear easily “July 18” catastrophic floods concern always exist, general situation of city ，水資源總量不足與雨洪控制利用措施不到位問題并存，雙重性制約愈加明顯。下一步，62平方公里的玉符河濟西濕地片區(qū)將作為推廣區(qū)，深入落實海綿城市建設的各項要求，進一步加快海綿城市的推廣和建設步伐。試點區(qū)域內新規(guī)劃項目應納入海綿城市建設指標，實施全過程規(guī)劃控制。由于海綿城市重視對水體的保護，僅需要結合既有綠地、園林、水體增建調蓄設施，就能大大降低水污染治理費用及內澇造成的巨額損失，實現用相對少的投資達到更高的效益。 海綿城市循環(huán)收集與釋放示意圖最近，海綿城市成了城市建設領域的一個熱詞，為什么要建設海綿城市、海綿城市會給我們的城市和百姓生活帶來哪些好處、海綿城市又將如何實現?海綿城市的理念，應該滲透到城市建設的各個方面?，F在人工建設破壞了自然地形地貌后，短時間內水匯集到一個地方，就形成了內澇。生態(tài)滯留區(qū)在對于土壤的要求和工程技術上的要求不同于雨水花園，形式根據場地位置不同也較為多樣，如生態(tài)滯留帶、滯留樹池等。初級凈化池與次級凈化池之間、次級凈化池與清水池之間用水泵進行循環(huán)。經過雨水花園、生態(tài)滯留區(qū)、滲透池凈化之后蓄起來的雨水一部分用于綠化灌溉、日常生活，一部分經過滲透補給地下水，多余的部分就經市政管網排進河流。在全球氣候變暖的背景下，河北省近年的氣候狀況也發(fā)生了明顯的變化，干旱化趨勢愈加明顯，水資源日益緊張，降雨量在時空上分布嚴重不均，存在著明顯的地域差異。自然因素方面，因為雨水是河北省水資源的主要來源，也是影響河北省水資源周期性變化的主要因素。這就必須要采取人工措施，把雨水排掉。土壤滲濾凈化：大部分雨水在收集時同時進行土壤滲濾凈化，并通過穿孔管將收集的雨水排入次級凈化池或貯存在滲濾池中；來不及通過土壤滲濾的表層水經過水生植物初步過濾后排入初級凈化池中。蓄積的雨水能夠供給植物利用，減少綠地的灌溉水量。對于不適用綠色屋頂的屋面，也可以通過排水溝、也可以通過排水溝、雨水鏈等方式收集引導雨水進行貯蓄或下滲。城市“海綿體”既包括河、湖、池塘等水系，也包括綠地、花園、可滲透路面這樣的城市配套設施。Along with the development of city, the city disease such as urban waterlogging, road flood discharge all the more remarkable, bee a big problem in large and mediumsized jinan is not exceptional also, whenever there is heavy rain during the rainy season, there are “after the rain to see the sea”.Appear such circumstance is associated with the terrain condition of to the height of terrain changes greatly, local heavy rains sudden strong, the time to focus on factors, such as the problem of flood discharge and waterlogging in jinan are prone the southern mountains with a lot of strong leakage help realize part of rainwater in situ given, but intensified urban drainage problem, hardening roads make rain building the sponge city, the city, rivers, lakes, and groundwater system of pollution control and ecological restoration, let the city turns into a sponge, like it when the heavy rain water absorption, water storage, water seepage, drought will vomit to absorb water, prevent urban 小投