【正文】 Translation Methods of DomesticationJust like foreignization, domestication has its own suitable methods. There are free translation, cultural substitution, ellipsis and note. Free Translation Free translation aims to deliver the flavor of the original text, making the target text readers get identical feelings with the original text readers. The method will make various changes of grammar and structure of the original language. In a sense, learners who want to learn foreign culture will not like it, so usually, we use free translation only when literal translation is unavailable. For example:原文：At 19 he had menced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast.譯文：他19歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)走上了一條在普通人看來是極富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人認(rèn)為，只是一次破產(chǎn)就叫人夠嗆了。 domestication。例二原文：It was Friday, and soon they’d go out and get drunk.譯文：星期五發(fā)薪日到了，他們馬上就要上街喝的酩酊大醉。譯文：He struck a match。 free translation摘 要隱喻不僅是語言現(xiàn)象，而且是一種思維方式，是人類生存和認(rèn)知的基本方式之一，它根植于語言、思維和文化中。譯文：These are called Imperial Concubine Dumplings, named after Yang Guifei, the imperial concubine. Tradition has it that they were her favorites. If the Yang woman could eat them, Water Girl Han ought to be able to do the same, but it wasn’t her liking them that got them named after her. Rather, it’s because they are stuffed with the meat from chicken wings and drumsticks. Wings are for flying, fei, and drumsticks are for kneeling, gui, and together that’s guifei. Literal TranslationLiteral translation aims to recreate the thinking of original language without changing the linguistic form of it. In this way, it reflects a foreignizing method, which is to lead the readers to approach to the author. Of course, there is a degree in literal translation, which is called the readability of the target text. In such a principle, phrases, sentence patterns and rhetorical devices can be retained in the target text, and the meanings and culture of the original language can be delivered as well. Obviously, literal translation can reflect the original language and the exotic culture, so it is a main method of foreignization. For example:原文：Go to law for a sheep, you lose a cow.譯文：為了一只羊打官司，卻損失了一頭牛。因其建筑主要是紅磚砌成，不像牛津、劍橋的建筑為古色古香的石塊所建成，故得此名。在對(duì)兩種文化進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化的過程中，隱喻譯者通常需要首先在兩種基本翻譯策略中做出選擇，即歸化和異化。本文主要討論歸化和異化的具體翻譯方法和對(duì)隱喻概念域的三種劃分，并通過對(duì)這兩個(gè)問題的探討分析歸化和異化策略在隱喻翻譯中的應(yīng)用。In the strategies of domestication and foreignization, there are various methods to deal with the cultural disparities. A good translator must use them properly, because any kind of imbalance will hinder munication. In a sense, translation strategies are at the helm and different methods can appear in the same text. Domestication and foreignization are not contrary but plementary. In the translation of metaphor, we must use different methods prehensively.III. An Introduction of MetaphorIn this section, three issues are mainly discussed, including a general introduction of metaphor, three categories of metaphor translation and the main difficulties in metaphor translation. A General Introduction of MetaphorAs a figure of speech, metaphor’s importance in writing a beautiful text is understood without being told, but its effect on people’s thinking is always ignored. In this part, a general introduction of metaphor will be given. Definitions of metaphorMetaphor is a widely used and vivid figure of speech. Usually, we make a parison by using the abstract similarities of different things, which can be related naturally in such a way (Liu Zhenqian, 2002:1720). The similarities can be extrinsic as well as intrinsic. The profound, abstract and unfamiliar things can be illustrated in a simple, concrete and familiar way with metaphor, so it is an indispensible way of thinking and cognition for human beings to know the world and themselves. Studies on Metaphor at Home and abroadThe western scholars’ research on metaphor presents various views. The ancient Greek psychologist Aristotle studied the rhetorical function of metaphor as well as the cognitive function, but he didn’t put forward the term exactly. Since the 20th century, as the cognitive linguistics grows up, the study of metaphor has risen to the field of ideas. Naturally, its cognitive function and motivation for people’s thinking attract great attention. Richards (1936) discussed the elements and characteristics of metaphor and it’s him who first explored the cognitive function of metaphor. Black (1963) suggested that metaphor creates similarities, which means a new connection between tenor and vehicle will occur to people after the use of some metaphor. American linguists Lakoff and Johnson (1980) emphasized that metaphor can be found everywhere in our daily lives, and the conventional conceptual system that we use to think and act is based on it, also, it is an important means to understand one thing by using the other. According to Peter Newmark (2001), metaphors are classified into six types: dead, clich233。關(guān)鍵詞：隱喻翻譯；歸化；異化；直譯；意譯ContentsI. Introduction 1 and Foreignization 3 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization 3 Translation Methods of Foreinization 5 Transliteration 5 Literal Translation 5 Amplification 6 Note 7 Translation Methods of Domestication 8 Free Translation 8 Cultural Substitution 8 Ellipsis 9 Note 10III. An Introduction of Metaphor 12 A General Introduction of Metaphor 12 Definitions of metaphor 12 Studies on Metaphor at Home and abroad 13 Three Categories of Metaphor Translation 14 The Equivalent Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 15 The Domesticating Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 15 The Transplantation of the Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 16 Main Difficulties in Metaphor Translation 16 Differences in Geography 17 Differences in Culture 17 Differences in Religious Beliefs 18IV. The Application of Domestication an