【正文】 ? 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)或工程變更頻繁。亦即令零件期間批量 儘量接近 經(jīng)濟(jì)零件時(shí)期數(shù) 。 ? 類型 ? 單層式 (single level BOMs) ?用來表示零組件與其所直接相連的上一階配件之關(guān)係。 MRP系統(tǒng)基本上可分 MRP的 輸入部份 ，處理的過程 及 輸出 三大部份。 36 MRP and ERP 封閉式 MRP (closedloop MRP)1 ? 一個(gè)以物料需求規(guī)劃為中心的系統(tǒng)，涵蓋銷售與生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的計(jì)畫 (生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃 、 MPS及 產(chǎn)能需求規(guī)劃 ) ，一旦規(guī)劃完成且被認(rèn)可，即開始自動(dòng)執(zhí)行 。 48 MRP and ERP MRP之淨(jìng)變系統(tǒng) (change system) ? 系統(tǒng)藉由 交易發(fā)生 後需求與存貨記錄的改正來 立即改正 MRP的資料 以 防止資料的過時(shí) 。 52 MRP and ERP 市場需求 生產(chǎn)計(jì)畫 問題 ? 粗估產(chǎn)能計(jì)畫 Yes No Yes No 財(cái)務(wù) 行銷 製造 調(diào)整生產(chǎn)計(jì)畫 製造日程 安排總表 MRP 能量需求規(guī)劃 問 題 需求日程 表 調(diào)整生產(chǎn)計(jì)畫 MRPII 53 MRP and ERP Example — ERP at Cybex1 ? Ships more than 200 different products to 150 dealers and thousands of customers around the world. ? Past: three factories were run by different software systems ? Today: integrated with PeopleSoft’s ERP software 54 MRP and ERP Example — ERP at Cybex2 ? Customer order triggers a series of events internally: ? Financial system performs a credit check ? Order management system sends an order to the manufacturing plant for custombuilt items and to the warehouse for instock items ? Manufacturing responds with an availabletopromise date and customers are notified of estimated delivery times 55 MRP and ERP Example — ERP at Cybex3 ? Customer order triggers a series of events internally: ? Removing an item from stock triggers a purchase requisition for replacement stock ? A shipment triggers an invoice and online tracking through the customer’s preferred carried ? Event management system notifies dealers, customers, and sales reps when items are shipped or when scheduled shipping dates change 56 MRP and ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ?Organizes and manages a pany’s business processes by sharing information across functional areas ?Connects with supplychain and customer management applications 57 MRP and ERP ERP Modules 58 MRP and ERP ERP modules — finance and accounting module ? Financial accounting ? Investment management ? Cost control ? Treasury management ? Asset management ? Enterprise controlling… 59 MRP and ERP ERP modules — sales and marketing module ? Order processing ? Product configuration ? Delivery quotations 60 MRP and ERP ERP modules — production and materials management module ? Handle all types of manufacturing processes – maketoorder, assembletoorder, repetitive, and continuous ? CAD programs ? Performs process planning ? billofmaterial processing ? Product costing ? Processes engineering change orders ? Plans material requirements ? Allocates resources ? Schedules ? Monitors production 61 MRP and ERP ERP modules — human resources module ? Workforce planning ? Employee scheduling ? Training and development ? Payroll and benefits ? Travel expense reimbursement ? Applicant data ? Job descriptions ? Organization charts ? Workflow analysis 62 MRP and ERP Webbased ERP and Related ebusiness software ? Customer relationship management (CRM) ? Supply chain management (SCM) ? Collaborative product merce (