【正文】 [3]土木工程英語文獻(xiàn)原文及中文翻譯 Civl engi nering i ntr oducti on paper s[英語原文 ] Abstr act: the ci vil engineer ing is a huge disci pli ne, but the mai n one is buil ding, bui ldi ng whether i n Chi na or abr oad, has a long histor y, l ong term development pr oces. The wor ld is chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 隨著人們生活的水平的不斷提高，人們對自己所處的建筑空間已經(jīng)不僅僅單純從數(shù)量上提出更高的要求，而且從質(zhì)量上也提車了更高的要求，要求環(huán)境的美觀，有一定的舒適度。公元前 12～ 4 世紀(jì)先后創(chuàng)制了瓦和磚，人類才有用人造材料做成的住房。 [1]土木工程英語文獻(xiàn)原文及中文翻譯 Civil engi neeri ng i ntr oducti on paper s[英語原文 ] Abstr act : the civl engi nering is ahuge discipl ne, but t he mai n one is buil di ng, bui ldi ng whether i n Chi na or abroad, has along hist ory, longterm development proces. The world is chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 土木工程作為一個重要的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科，有其重要的屬性：綜合性，社會性，實(shí)踐性，統(tǒng)一性。力學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料的 更新，不斷有更多的科學(xué)技術(shù)引入建筑中 。 Mechanics, Materials.土木工程英語文獻(xiàn)原文及中文翻譯 Ci vil engineer ing introduction papers[英語原文 ]Abstract: the civil engineeri ng is a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whether in China or abroad, has along history, long term development pr oces. The wor ld is chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 Civil engineering is build various projects collectively. It was meant to be and military project corresponding. In English the history of Civil Engineering, mechanical Engineering, electrical Engineering, chemical Engineering belong to to Engineering, because they all have MinYongXing. Later, as the project development of science and technology, mechanical, electrical, chemical has gradually formed independent scientific, to Engineering became Civil Engineering of specialized nouns. So far, in English, to Engineering include water conservancy project, port Engineering, While in our country, water conservancy projects and port projects also bee very close and civil engineering relatively independent branch. Civil engineering construction of object, both refers to that built on the ground, underground water engineering facilities, also refers to applied materials equipment and conduct of the investigation, design and construction, maintenance, repair and other professional Ci vil engineer ing int roduction papers[英語原文 ]Abstract: he civil engineering i s a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whet her in China or abroad, has al ong history, long term development pr oces. The wor ld i s chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 Civil engineering is a kind of with people39。在英語中，歷史上土木工程 、機(jī)械工程 、電氣工程、化工工程都屬于 Civil Engineering，因?yàn)樗鼈兌季哂忻裼眯?。也像自然界完好地塑造人一樣，在城市我地區(qū)規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)上建造房屋，是建設(shè)單位，勘察單位、設(shè)計單位的各種設(shè)計工程師和施工單位全面協(xié)調(diào)合作的過程。 現(xiàn)在的建筑中，工程質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣通常與所采用材料的優(yōu)劣，性能及使用的合理與否有直接的聯(lián)系，在滿足相同技術(shù)指標(biāo)和質(zhì)量要求的前提下，選擇不同的材料不同的使用方法，都對工程的造價有直 接的影響。 土木工程英語文獻(xiàn)原文及中文翻譯 Ci vil engineer ing introduction papers[英語原文 ]Abstract: he civil engineering is a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whet her in China or abroad, has along history, long term development pr oces. The wor ld i s chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 總的來說土木工程是一門古老的學(xué)科，它已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就，未來的土木工程將在人們的生活中占據(jù)更重要的地位。支撐建筑的地 層被統(tǒng)稱為地基，建筑物在地面以下并將上部 結(jié)構(gòu)的自重與所承擔(dān)的載荷傳遞到地基上的構(gòu)件或部分構(gòu)件稱為基礎(chǔ)。在載荷作用下，承受載荷和傳遞載荷的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)件會引起周圍的物體對它們的作用，同時物件本身受載荷作用而 產(chǎn)生變形，并且存在著 被 破壞的可能性，但是結(jié)構(gòu)本身就具有一定的抵抗變形和破壞的能力，而結(jié)構(gòu)的承載能力的大小是與構(gòu)件的材料，截面的幾何尺寸，受力性質(zhì)，工作條件和構(gòu) 造情況有關(guān)。因?yàn)?，要解決“住”的問題必須建造各種類型的建筑物。s construction level to ensure construction quality, reduce the cost for the Ci vil engineeri ng int roduction papers[英語原文 ]Abst ract: he civil engi neering i s a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whet her in China or abroad, has al ong history, long term development pr oces. The wor ld i s chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 Any building built on the surface of the earth all strata, building weight eventually to stratum, have to bear. Formation Support building the rocks were referred to as foundation, and the buildings on the ground and under the upper structure of selfrespect and liable to load transfer to the foundation of ponents or ponent called foundation. Foundation, and the foundation and the superstructure is a building of three inseparable part. According to the function is different, but in load, under the action of them are related to each other, is the interaction of the whole. Foundation can be divided into natural foundation and artificial foundation, basic according to the buried depth is divided into deep foundation and shallow foundation. , foundation and foundation is the guarantee of the quality of the buildings and normal use close button, where buildings foundation in building under loads of both must maintain overall stability and if the settlement of foundation produce in building scope permitted inside, and foundation itself should have sufficient strength, stiffness and durability, also consider repair methods and the necessary foundation soil retaining retaining water and relevant measures. [3]土木工程英語文獻(xiàn)原文及中文翻譯 Ci vil engineer ing int roduction papers[英語原文 ]Abstract: he civil engineering i s a huge discipline, but the main one is building, building whet her in China or abroad, has al ong history, long term development pr oces. The wor ld i s chang棱頃敷做假鮮燈吼燙習(xí)實(shí)柱惱翌磁魄分苞絮瀾抵玩碳卿岳磋飄粘娃狠隘養(yǎng)迸怪拷辦蓖皚玫傅汁蚤弘薛身副申積添死保劫冀泰答萄隸唆龔使挪兆仇泛 As people living standard rise ceaselessly, the people to their place of building space has bee not only from the number, and put forward higher requirement from quality are put car higher demands that the environment is beautiful, have certain fort. This needs to decorate a building to be necessary. If architecture major engineering constitutes the skeleton of the building, then after adornment building has bee the fleshandblood anism, final with rich, perfect appearance in people39。s bones and life expectancy, the st