【正文】 但是被保險(xiǎn)貨物在終點(diǎn)卸貨港從遠(yuǎn)洋輪上缷下至貨到收貨人倉(cāng)庫(kù)之前的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)，其保險(xiǎn)期限為 60天。 在（ A）險(xiǎn)條款中，由于承保責(zé)任范圍較廣，不便把全部承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一一列出，采用列出“除外責(zé)任”的方式，即除了除外責(zé)任外，其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任均予負(fù)責(zé)。 Risks in Cargo Transportation Risks in cargo transportation are of many kinds. Different risks mean different losses And different risks are covered by different insurance clauses and different insurance clauses mean different premiums保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) . So we need to have a good understanding of the different risks and losses before we know how to effect insurance. In marine cargo transportation insurance, risks fall into perils of the sea海難 and extraneous risks外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn) . Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation Perils and risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn) of the Sea海難 /海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (1) Natural calamities海上發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害 (2) Fortuitous accidents意外事故 risks外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (1) General extraneous risks (2) Special extraneous risks Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation ? Perils and risks kinds of perils 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)種類 In marine insurance, perils are generally of two kinds. 1. Perils of the sea 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（又稱海難） （ 1） Natural calamities 海上發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害 Natural calamities cover vile weather(惡劣氣候 )， thunder and lightening(雷電 )， tsunami(海嘯， tidal waves), earthquake, floods and other irresistible disasters.（不可抗拒的災(zāi)害） Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation （ 2） Fortuitous accidents 意外事故 Fortuitous accidents mainly include ship stranded (擱淺 ), striking a rock, ship sinking(沉沒 ), ship collision(互撞 ), colliding with icebergs or other objects, fire, explosion and ship missing and other accidents with sea characteristics. Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation 2. Extraneous risks 外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Extraneous risks refer to risks outside perils of the sea. （ 1） General extraneous risks 一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn) General extraneous risks include theft, breakage, leakage, contamination, sweat and heating(受潮受熱 ), taint of odor(串味 ), hook damage(鉤損 ), shortage(短量 ) and rust(銹損 ) Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation （ 2） Special extraneous risks 特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Special extraneous risks refer to risks resulting from military affairs, political and administrative rules such as war, strikes, failure to deliver(交貨不到 ), rejection(拒絕收貨 ) Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation ? Ocean average 海損 When used for insurance, the word ?average‘ has not the usual meaning. Average means loss sustained in sea transportation. According to the extent of the loss, it is divided into total loss and partial loss. （ 1） Total loss 全損 Total loss means all the goods insured suffered loss. Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation （ 2） Partial loss 部分損失 A partial loss is any loss other than a total loss. A partial loss may include a particular average loss(單獨(dú)海損 ), a general average loss(共同海損 ) and particular charges(特殊收費(fèi) ). Thus there are two distinct types of partial loss. （ ⅰ ） Particular average loss It is the accidental意外的 damage to part of the cargo. The average (damage) is not caused by deliberate act of a person for the mon benefit and that loss must be borne exclusively by the owner of the property suffering the loss and is termed a particular average. 單獨(dú)海損 是指被保險(xiǎn)貨物遭受海損后，其損失未達(dá)到全損程度，而且是無共同海損性質(zhì)的部分損失，應(yīng)由受損方單獨(dú)承擔(dān)。 協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款 (貨物 ) (5) Institute Strikes Clause –Cargo。現(xiàn)告知你方，對(duì)于在 CIF基礎(chǔ)上出售的貨物，我們將按發(fā)票金額110%投保一切險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)。 在向保險(xiǎn)公司或代理提出索賠時(shí)，通常要求投保人遞交下列單證： 、正本或副本提單、發(fā)票、裝箱單； /或短缺備忘錄、檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告； ? 保險(xiǎn)索賠應(yīng)盡快遞交保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理，以便給他們充裕時(shí)間向有關(guān)過失方追索賠款。 Ⅱ . ICC(B) insurance covers （ 1） fire or explosion (2) vessel 船舶 or craft駁船 being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized (3) overturning or derailment出軌 of land conveyance運(yùn)輸工具 (4) collision or contact of vessel ， craft or conveyance with any external object外界物體 other than water Ⅱ . ICC(B) (5) discharge of cargo卸貨 at a port of distress避難