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人版和仁愛版初一英語上(下冊)語法歸納和練習(xí)(專業(yè)版)

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【正文】 4.現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。 have疑問句: Is Sam a boy? 否定句:Sam isn’t a :Yes,he is. 否定回答:No,he isn’tThese are . 疑問句:Are these dogs?否定句: These aren’t dogs.肯定回答:yes,they are否定回答:No,they aren’t劃線提問:(改為特殊疑問句)What are these? 特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):疑問詞(What)+一般疑問句1Those are . 疑問句:Are those pens?否定句:Those aren’t pens.肯定回答:yes,they are否定回答:No,they aren’t劃線提問:(改為特殊疑問句)What are those? 特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):疑問詞(What)+一般疑問句1Daming and Amy are good 。t ) +動詞原形(+其它)。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成:1. be(am,is,are)動詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+(名詞)其它(不能是其它動詞)。watchandTherebe句型不一般,主語跟在be后邊。二、“have+表示一日三餐的名詞”,意為“用餐”。如:four o39。s”一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:How much milk is there in the bottle?5. 單個的單數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);多個單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。像表示人或事物的名詞和集體名詞等一般都是可數(shù)的。疑問否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。如an apple一個蘋果, an orange一個橘子, an elephant 一頭大象an eraser一個橡皮 an eye一個眼睛, an ear一個耳朵, an egg一個雞蛋,an icecream一條冰激凌,an hour一小時an honest man一個誠實的男人an ant一只螞蟻an old dog一條老狗an alphabet一個字母表an animal一個動物an actor一個男演員an ecard一張電子賀卡an 一封電子郵件an office一間辦公室an owl一只貓頭鷹an English一個英國人an ear一個耳朵 an elephant一條大象練習(xí)一、a,an填空。a用在發(fā)輔音的字母的單詞前,an用在發(fā)元音的字母的單詞前。I am = I’m . you are = you’re . they are = they’re . we are = we’re It is = It’s. He is = He’s. She is = she’s . There are =There’re Those are = Those’re Let’s = Let us . what is = what’s . who is = who’s . where are = where’re練習(xí)二、am, is, are填空。有時候,我們也可以在該詞之前試著加一加基數(shù)詞來進行判斷。如:Jim es from England. /Lily and Lucy are twins. /The students are reading English books. 5. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),但是,當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾時,謂語動詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:brother’s,哥哥的 Mike’s,麥克的 teacher’s老師的單數(shù)表示:Daming’s books大明的書Amy’s pens艾米的鋼筆二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如: Teachers’ Day教師節(jié),classmates’同學(xué)們的復(fù)數(shù)表示:①teachers’’classroom學(xué)生們的教師 三)如果不是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)與單數(shù)一樣處理。clock . (下午四點)等。如:have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早飯/午飯/晚飯。 be句型是重點,若要掌握須多練。someon①I我+am+(名詞)其它(不能是其它動詞)如:I am a 。如:I don39。疑問句:Are Daming and Amy good friend?否定句:Daming and Amy aren’t good friend肯定回答:yes,they are否定回答:No,they aren’t1He is my 。 B. cleanC. they don39。5.現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞+ be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 疑問詞 + be+主語 + 動詞ing? What are you doing?你正在干什么?回答)I’m watching 例如: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading?(3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(do+ing)動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cookcooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:makemaking,制作 havehaving,有take—taking拿write—writing寫dancedancing跳舞loveloving愛close—closing關(guān)changechanging改變give-giving,給hatehating恨r(nóng)ideriding騎drivedriving開車useusing用leaveleaving離開typetyping打字movemoving移動.3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing如:runrunning跑, stopstopping停止 get—getting 獲得put—putting放 , :play________run__________swim_________make________go_________like________write________read_____have_________begin_________sit________shop__________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________live_______take________e_______get_________stop________have I’m listening to music. He is playing ball. They are eating dinner. She is are you doing?你正在干什么I am . listen, She is to her friend I’m listening to 。2.現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+be(am,is,are)+.現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。s brother埃米的弟弟 __ a nice bus. /have B. has/has C. have/has D. has/have( ) ________to school at seven o’clock. ( ) they have a new car? Yes,___. are A. is cleaning疑問句:Is Amy a girl? 否定句:Amy isn’t a girl肯定回答:Yes,she is. 否定回答:No,she isn’t.Sam is 。t( doesn39。4表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情,通常用every Sunday每個星期天once a week一周一次 every usually通常often經(jīng)常 sometimes有時 never決不every day每天 every week每周every每個, at….在幾點鐘 .主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時謂語動詞也要變成第三人稱單數(shù)謂語動詞+s+es的變化規(guī)則(以下單詞是碰到主語是第三人稱單數(shù)它、他、她才加s或es),直接加s,如:cookcooks,likelikes, talktalks ,swimswims. want—wants, work—works, know—knows, help—helps,get—gets . x. sh. ch. 結(jié)尾,加es,如:guessguesses猜, washwashes洗, watchwatches看, catchcatches接住,missmisses 思念,passpasses通過,finishfinishes完成,crosscrosses 穿過fishfishes釣魚,teachteaches教brushbrushes刷.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加es,如:studystudies學(xué)習(xí)worryworryies 擔(dān)心trytryies嘗試,copycopies模仿. fly—flies放(飛),y前是元音字母的直接加s :buybuys買,enjoyenjoys 享用,playplays 打(球)玩staystays 停留。apencilsbe句型,先來記一下“口訣”: There 1) Have you got a new puter ? 肯 yes I have 否 No I have not2) Do you have a new puter? 肯 Yes I do 否 No I don’t【注】there be句型表示“有”時強調(diào)“某處有某人或某物”,其用法此處不再詳述。若想表明是下午,.。構(gòu)成如下:表示有生命東西的名詞,所有格一般在名詞后加“39。如:How many people are there in your family?4. 用how much來詢問數(shù)量的多少。如:knifeknives, wifewives, halfhalves, shelfshelves, leafleaves,thiefthieves, lifelives7)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的:sheepsheep綿羊deerdeer鹿ChineseChinese中國人JapaneseJapanese日本Peoplepeople人,人們8)特殊形式的有:childchildren小孩, manmen男人, womanwomen女人, footfeet腳 ,toothteeth牙,mousemice老鼠,policemanpolice警察,EnglishmanEnglishmen英國人,goosegeese鵝,9)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞有:fish魚肉soup湯water 水 ice 冰 tea 茶 meat 肉 milk 牛奶coffee(咖啡) rice(米飯)bread(面包) juice (果汁) food食物icecream冰激淋chicken雞肉paper紙chocolate巧克力fruit水果cake蛋糕cheese奶酪. porridge粥,:some tea一些茶 much bread許多面包10)人稱的復(fù)數(shù)形式:主格:he他 I我 it它 she她 they(他、她、它)們 we我們 you你(你們) 如:(it,he,she)的復(fù)數(shù)是 they(它他她)門 I(我) 的復(fù)數(shù)是we(我們)賓格:them(他、她、它)們me我 us我們you你(你們) him 他her她it它. 如:me(我)的復(fù)數(shù)是 us(我們)(it ,her,him)的復(fù)數(shù)是them他們形容詞性物主代詞:my,我的our,我們的your,你(們)的his,他的her她的its,它的their他們的. 如:my(我的)復(fù)數(shù)是ou 名詞性物主代詞:mine,我的ours,我們的yours,你(們)的his,他的hers,她的its,它的theirs他們的. 如:yours(你的)復(fù)數(shù)是 yours(你們的) this這個—these那些 that那個—those那些練習(xí)三、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I我 ________him 他________this這 _________her她 __ _ _me我 watch手表 ___ ____child 小孩__ _ photo 像片____ ____diary日記 ____ __day天_____ ___ foot腳____ ____ book書____ ___ dress連衣裙 _____ tooth牙__ ___ sheep綿羊 ___ ___box盒子__ ____ family家庭 __ ___thief小偷 _______ peach桃子__ _ sandwich三明治 ___ ___man男人___ ___ woman女人___ __ paper紙__ _____ juice果汁_____ _water水__ ___ milk牛奶_____ ___ rice米飯_____ _ tea茶_____ _____my我的 people人,人們 tomato 西紅柿 ( ) have five . ( ) has some ( ) are four in my family ( ) many
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