【正文】 第三，限制中國競爭作用的一個重要的戰(zhàn)略考慮就是擴大對多個國家的需要來分散他們的風險比重。知 名的品牌仍然保持著市場的價值因為它們不會受到零售價格縮水的影響。由于在整個組織框架中他們處于中心地位，所以他們是領導性的企業(yè)。（克里度夫，2020） 美國紡織品和服裝企業(yè)的一個重要生存手段就是通過提供新產(chǎn)品的設計和產(chǎn)品目錄來擴大他們潛在的市場。由于紡織品與服裝協(xié)定的改革使得消費者的價格下降，服裝、床上亞麻紡織品、地毯和其他產(chǎn)品的進口很可能繼續(xù)增加。 紡織品和服裝貿(mào)易的全球格局已經(jīng)發(fā)生了重大的變化，同時在過去的十年間許多低收入國家從更大的貿(mào)易銷售中獲利。 Ⅲ — 1 The Changing World Network of Trade in Textiles and Apparel Thomas Vollrath， Mark Gehlhar， Stephen MacDonald . Thomas Vollrath, Mark Gehlhar, Stephen MacDonald, The structure of the global textile market is fundamentally changing in response to policy reforms stemming from the 1995 Uruguay Round (UR) of the World Trade Organization. The UR instituted agreements to reduce tariffs on textile and apparel products to levels closer to those found elsewhere in manufacturing. It also established the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which stipulates that all bilateral import quotas, sanctioned under the 1974 MultiFiber Arrangement (MFA), will be eliminated by implementation of the UR reforms will bring textiles and apparel into greater conformity with internationally accepted rules of trade. Collectively, these reforms should stimulate growth in textile trade, which already outpaces trade in other sectors of the world economy. For example, trade in textiles and apparel in the last decade nearly doubled to $334 billion. These reforms also promise to significantly alter the location of production and the direction of fiber and textile trade. The Bilateral Fiber and Textile Trade database, available on the ERS website (), enables analysts to examine the evolving structure of trade among partners and across modities and products in the global market. This database, derived from UN Comtrade data, contains information about modity and product trade flows among exporting and importing countries/regions between 1992 and 2020. The global work of trade in textiles and apparel has shifted significantly, with many lowine countries benefiting from higher sales within the past Ⅲ — 2 decade. Unlike agricultural production, which depends on the availability of natural resources, the location of textile and, particularly, apparel production is highly mobile and extremely responsive to wage differentials. Textile and apparel production requires substantial labor, is not technologically demanding, and provides employment opportunities for the relatively unskilled laborers who transfer out of subsistence agriculture. It introduces workers to manufacturing and provides them with training opportunities in new and productivityenhancing activities. Ⅲ — 3 Ⅲ — 4 Competition from lowcost suppliers in developing countries has put considerable pressure on established exporters of textiles and apparel, particularly those in the newly industrialized countries (NIC) of Asia (Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan). The AsianNIC share of the global textile and apparel market halved, falling from 24 to 12 percent between 1992 and 2020. In contrast, the market share of developingcountry suppliers, excluding the Asian NICs, increased 15 percentage points to 64 percent during this period. China was especially successful, raising its share of the global market to 25 percent in 2020, up 4 percentage points from 1992. Such petitive pressures from lowcost, developingcountry suppliers are likely to accelerate following the elimination of MFA quotas by 2020. Textile and apparel trade is strongly influenced by established works and geographical proximity. Together, Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe dominate the EU market because of preferential trading agreements and the economics of geographical location. In contrast, the most important suppliers to the United States are Latin America, China, and the Asian NICs. With improved market access from the ATC, lowine Asian producers are likely to vie more effectively with these traditional suppliers for foreign market shares in the . and EU markets. Ⅲ — 5 The UR reforms are expected to r