【正文】 um 剛玉 diamand 金剛石 orthoclase 正長石 plagloclase 斜長石 biotite 黑云母 muscovite 白云母 amphibole 角閃石 phroxene 輝石 olivine 橄欖石 dolomite 白云石 kaolinite 高嶺石montmorillonite 蒙脫石 bentonite 斑脫石、膨潤土 illite 伊力石garnet 石榴子石 chlorite 綠泥石 serpentine 蛇紋石 pyrite 黃鐵礦 hematite 赤鐵礦 magnetite 磁鐵礦 limonite 褐鐵礦工程地質(zhì)（Engineering Geology）Geotechnics(geotechnique)土工學(xué)（土工技術(shù)、巖石工程）rock mechanics 巖石力學(xué) soil mechanics 土力學(xué)geomechanics 地質(zhì)力學(xué)、巖石力學(xué) engineering geological conditons 工程地質(zhì)條件engineering geological problem 工程地質(zhì)問題rock mass structure 巖體結(jié)構(gòu)geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌條件geophysical phenomenon 物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象 hydrogeological conditions 水文地質(zhì)條件 natural materials 天然材料 reservoir 水庫 settlement 沉降 displacement 位移 deformation 變形tectonic stress 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力 residual stress 殘余應(yīng)力angle of internal friction 內(nèi)摩擦角 cohesion 內(nèi)聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 壓力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室 overburden 覆蓋物bed rock(base rock/foundation rock)基巖 firm/sound rock 堅(jiān)硬巖石 weak/soft rock 軟弱巖石 interbed 夾層zone of fracture(broken zones)破碎帶 homogeneity 均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均質(zhì)性 alluvium 沖積物（層）proluvium(diluvium)洪積物（層）deluvium 坡積物（層）eluvium 殘積物（層）eolian deposit 風(fēng)積物（層）lake deposit 湖積物（層）marine deposit 海積物（層）glacial(drift)deposit 冰川沉積物（層）colluvial deposit(colluvium)崩積物（層）isotropy 各向同性 anisotropy 各向異性礦物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)(Physical Character of Minerals)hardness 硬度 luster 光澤 color 顏色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度 streak 條痕rent/fracture 斷口 crystal form 晶形 巖石學(xué)(Petrology)classification 分類 structure 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力 texture 結(jié)構(gòu) fabric 組構(gòu)mineral position 礦物組成 crystalline 結(jié)晶質(zhì)amorphous substance 非晶質(zhì) fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圓度 degree of grains 粒度地層地貌(Stratum andPhysiognomy)basin 盆地river valley 河谷 river bed 河床 topography 地形 terrain 地勢 attitude 產(chǎn)狀rock base(batholite)巖基 rock stock 巖株 rock flow 巖流 rock loccolith 巖蓋 rock lopolith 巖盆 rock dike 巖墻 rock sill 巖床 vein dyke 巖脈sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）crossbedding 交錯(cuò)層geologic structure 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造 geotectonics 大地構(gòu)造學(xué) graben 地塹 horst 地壘cordance(conformity)整合discordance(unconformity)非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合 地質(zhì)作用(Physical Geology Action)weathering 風(fēng)化 erosion 侵蝕transportation 搬運(yùn)deposition/sediment 沉積 denudation 剝蝕 corrasion 磨蝕 corrosion 腐蝕 dissolution 溶蝕 landslide 滑坡collapse(rock fall)崩塌 mud flow 泥石流 earthquake 地震 intensity 烈度 magnitude 震級 ◆水文(Hydrology)ground water(subsurface water)地下水 surface water 地表水a(chǎn)tmospheric water 大氣水 runoff 徑流fresh /plain /sweet water 淡水 river flow/discharge 河水流量 peak flood flow 洪峰流量 flood out flow 洪水下泄流量 dry season 枯水季 wet season 豐水季flood(raining)season 汛期 nonflood season 非汛期5% frequency flood 20 年一遇洪水 flood control 防汛（二）◆金屬結(jié)構(gòu)（Hydromechanical work)閘門(Gate)service gate 工作門 emergency gate 事故門 maintenance gate 檢修門 sector gate 弧形閘門eccentric hinge sector gate 偏心鉸閘門 plane gate平面閘門fixed wheel plane gate 定輪平面閘門 trashrack 攔污柵 trash rake 清污機(jī)預(yù)埋件（Embedded Parts）sill 底砍main guide 主軌 auxiliary guide 副軌 reverse guide 反軌 side guide 側(cè)軌 lintel 門楣steel liner 鋼襯high pressure water pipe 高壓沖水管 pressure balance water pipe 沖水水平管 組件/部件（Assembly/parts）gate leaf 門葉 crank 拐臂 arm 支撐 seal 水封main seal 主水封 side seal 側(cè)水封 top seal 頂水封 bottom seal 底水封auxiliary seal 輔助水封、節(jié)流器 clip plate 壓板 slide block 滑塊side slide block 側(cè)向滑塊 reverse slide block 反向滑塊 fixed wheel 定輪 main wheel 主輪 side wheel 側(cè)輪 ballast 配重 lifting ear 吊耳 lifting link 拉桿 trunion 支餃 hinge 鉸鏈hinged support 餃座 hinged shaft 鉸軸 cover 端蓋trunion beam 支餃梁 dogging beam 鎖定梁 啟閉機(jī)（Hoist）wire rope hoist 固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī) hydraulic hoist 液壓啟閉機(jī) monorail hoist 單軌啟閉機(jī) overhead crane 橋機(jī) bridge crane 橋機(jī) support frame 機(jī)架 reducer 減速器 motor 電動(dòng)機(jī) pulley 滑輪live pulley 動(dòng)滑輪 fixed pulley 定滑輪equalizer pulley平衡滑輪 drum 卷筒steel wire rope 鋼絲繩position sensor 高度傳感器 load sensor 荷載傳感器 brake 制動(dòng)器hydraulic system 液壓系統(tǒng) oil cylinder 油缸 piston rod 活塞桿 pump station 泵站 oil tank 郵箱 pipe 管道 filter 過濾器accumulator 蓄能器 valve 閥logic valve 邏輯閥 check valve 單向閥 ball valve 球閥cartridge valve 插裝閥solenoid operated directional valve 電磁換向閥門式起重機(jī)（Grantry Crane）rail 軌道lifting mechanism 起升機(jī)構(gòu) traveling mechanism 運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu) inspection trolley 檢修小車 gantry 門架support column 門腿 primary beam 主梁 bridge beam 橫梁 cross beam 端梁 side beam 邊梁 lifting beam 起吊梁 hook 吊狗buffer 緩沖裝置rail clamping device 夾軌器 driving wheel 主動(dòng)輪 driven wheel 從動(dòng)輪 其他（Others）abnormal vibration 反常震動(dòng) activate 激活anticlockwise 逆時(shí)針 anticorrosion 防腐 carry on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 carry out 執(zhí)行 clockwise 順時(shí)針missioning 試運(yùn)行concentricity deviation 同心度偏差 connect 連接 debris 碎片deenergize 斷電 detect 探測dry test 無水試驗(yàn)dynamic loading test 動(dòng)載試驗(yàn) energize 給……加電 erection 架立 expansion 伸展 fasten 扣緊 fit 安裝flowing water 動(dòng)水 gate closure 閉門 gate opening 啟門gate position restoration 門位恢復(fù) idle test 空載試驗(yàn) impact 碰撞in pressure balance condition平壓條件下lift……into position 將……起吊到位 locate 定位 lower 降下manual operation 手動(dòng)操作 noise 噪聲 note 記錄operating gap 運(yùn)作空隙 pack 襯墊 particle 微粒 perform 執(zhí)行position accurately 精確定位 precise 精確的 preset 預(yù)留/預(yù)置press button 按下按鈕progressively 逐漸地 purity 純度 push 推reliable 可靠的 residual oil 余油 retraction 回縮 run 運(yùn)行 secure 保護(hù)separately or simultaneously 單獨(dú)/同時(shí)地 set up 架設(shè)setting 設(shè)置/讀數(shù) shim 薄墊片 slack 松弛static loading test 靜載試驗(yàn) still water 靜水 switch off 切斷 synchronize 同步 tighten 擰緊under water head condition 水壓作用條件下 wet test 有水試驗(yàn)◆ 焊接和無損檢驗(yàn)（Welding and Nondestructive Testing）焊接{Welding）arc strike 引弧/弧傷 arc welding 電弧焊automatic welding 自動(dòng)焊 back gouging 背面清根 backing 墊板 base metal 母材buildup welding 堆焊/補(bǔ)焊 butt joint 對接接頭 carbon rode 碳棒plete fusion 完全融合 corner joint 角接接頭covered electrode 涂料焊條 coupon 試件direct current electrodenegative(DCEN)直流電極接負(fù) direct current electrodepositive(DCEP)直流電極接正 double welding 雙面焊doublebevel groove weld 雙斜邊坡口焊縫 doubleJ groove weld 雙面J 型坡口焊縫 doubleU groove weld 雙面U型坡口焊縫 doubleVee groove weld 雙面V 型坡口焊縫 electrode 焊條/電極 electrode holder 焊鉗electrosgas welding 電氣焊 electroslag welding 電渣焊 filler metal 填充金屬 fillet weld 角焊縫full fillet weld 大填角焊縫 flat welding平焊 flux 焊劑flux cored arc welding 藥芯焊絲弧焊 forehand welding 左焊法 friction welding 摩擦焊full penetration w