【正文】 at are you doing for vacation? 八上Unit4 How do you get to school? 八上Unit 5 Can you e to my party?八上Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my 7 How do you make a banana milk shake? 八上Unit 8 How was your school trip? 八上Unit 9 When was he born ? 八上Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball 11 Could you please clean your room? 八上Unit 12 What39。要做出若干年一段時期內(nèi)河川徑流的累積曲線，以便確定可利 用的水量。拱壩只用于崖壁能承受拱作用所產(chǎn)生的推力的峽谷中。前一種情況稱為“防洪水庫”，而后一種情況稱為“綜合利用水庫”。Lesson8When a barrier is constructed across?攔筑一條像壩的障礙時，水就被攔蓄在障礙物的上游并形成水塘，通常稱之為水庫。These vast underground water deposits provide much needed moisture ??in similar ways to surface water，also performing geomorphic work as an agent of 。本篇結(jié)尾是作者的感想。③在三峽的入口處建有葛洲壩水電站。⑥三峽的建設(shè)將會更加有益于人民，為中國做出更大貢獻。是理所當(dāng)然的?storage reservoir 蓄水庫?flooding control reservoir 防洪水庫?distribution reservoir 配水水庫?multipurpose reservoir 綜合利用水庫?floodmitigation reservoir減洪水庫，滯洪水庫?peakflow洪峰流量；洪水?flood peak洪峰=flood crest?storage capacity 蓄水庫容，庫容?spillway crest溢洪道頂部?sediment deposits泥沙沉積；?seepage water 滲水?impervious blanket不透水鋪蓋?drainage blanket排水鋪蓋?allowable stress允許應(yīng)力，?runoff characteristics徑流特征?reservoir inflow design flood入庫設(shè)計洪水?stream flow 河川流量?emergency spillway非常溢洪道?synthetic curve綜合曲線；?curved dam弧形壩 拱形壩?sluice gate弧形壩?abutment壩座，橋臺，岸墩?tensilestress拉應(yīng)力?breaking stress 破壞應(yīng)力Lesson41)The water table level is highest under the highest parts of the surface, and lowest under thel??the water table, while seepage from the groundwater zone into creeks and lakes lowers ，地下水位也最高；而在地面最低的地方，地下水位就最低。在降雨期間，水滲入地下。水庫根據(jù)其用途可分為以下幾類：①蓄水水庫②防洪水庫③配水水庫④綜合利用水庫。超過這個血量的入流量就蓄存在水庫的，待洪峰消退后，再逐漸排放，為迎戰(zhàn)下一次洪水恢復(fù)蓄洪容積。在一座大壩的結(jié)構(gòu)中可包含不止一種壩形。工程技術(shù)人員通常都從相鄰的河流數(shù)據(jù)和 雨量資料編制出綜合曲線。s stress circle 莫力應(yīng)力圓Mohrcoulomb failure criteria 莫爾庫倫破壞準(zhǔn)則normal stress 法向應(yīng)力（正應(yīng)力）oedometer curve 壓縮曲線optimum moisture content 最優(yōu)含水量 piping 管涌plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指標(biāo)pore water pressure 空隙水壓力 porosity 空隙率principal stress 主應(yīng)力Proctor paction test 普氏擊實試驗 relative density 相對密度sand replacement method 灌砂法 saturability(saturation degree/percent saturation)飽和度saturated unit weight 飽和容重 seepage deformation 滲透變形seepage force(seepage pressure)滲透力 seepage line 滲透線seepage speed 滲透速度shear stress 切向應(yīng)力（剪應(yīng)力）shrinkage limit 縮限skip(gap/jump)grading 間斷級配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重 steady seepage field 穩(wěn)定滲流場 stress path 應(yīng)力路徑total strength envelope 總強度包線 triaxial pression test 三軸壓縮試驗unconfined pression strength 無側(cè)限抗壓強度unconsolidated undrained test 不固結(jié)不排水剪（快剪）試驗variable head method 變水頭法 void(pore)ratio 孔隙比water replacement method 灌水法 wet density 濕密度 其它建筑材料 鋼筋（steel）bending and unbending 反復(fù)彎曲 cold bending test 冷彎試驗 elongation test 拉伸試驗 nominal diameter 公稱直徑 ratio of elongation 伸長率 relaxation test 松弛試驗 steel strand 鋼絞線tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服強度 ultimate tensile strength 極限抗拉強度木材（Wood）curshing strength paralled to the grain 順紋抗壓強度tensile strength paralled to the grain 順紋抗拉強度crushing strength across th e grain 橫紋抗壓強度tensile strength across to the grain 橫紋抗拉強度 瀝青（Asphalt）brittle temperature test 脆化點試驗 expansion test 延伸度試驗 penetration test 針入式試驗 softening point test 軟化點試驗 test of aging 老化試驗 viscosity test 粘滯性試驗質(zhì)量管理（Quality Management）average平均值deviation standard(error of mean squares)均方差deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient)離差系數(shù)index of correlation 相關(guān)系數(shù) management limit 管理界限 mathematic statistics 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計 maximum 最大值 minimum 最小值normal distribution 正態(tài)分布 quality assurance 質(zhì)量保證 quality examination 質(zhì)量檢測 regression curve 回歸曲線relative dampness 相對濕度 sample capacity 樣本容量 sampling frequency 取樣頻率 specimen 樣品statistical analysis 統(tǒng)計分析 technical specification 技術(shù)規(guī)范 technical standard 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) testing circumstance 試驗環(huán)境 testing error 試驗誤差testing regulation 試驗規(guī)程 variance analysis 方差分析 ◆地質(zhì)(Geology)地質(zhì)年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era(erathem)太古代（界）Proterozoic era(erathem)元古代（界）Palaeozoic era(erathem)古生代（界）Mesozoic era(erathem)中生代（界）Cenozoic era(erathem)新生代（界）Sinian period(system)震旦紀(jì)（系）Cambrian period(system)寒武紀(jì)（系）Ordovician period(system)奧陶紀(jì)（系）Silurian period(system)志留紀(jì)（系）Devonian period(system)泥盤紀(jì)（系）Carboniferous period(system)石碳紀(jì)（系）Permian period(system)二疊紀(jì)（系）Triassic period(system)三疊紀(jì)（系）Jurassic period(system)侏羅紀(jì)（系）Cretaceous period(system)白堊紀(jì)（系）Tertiary period(system)第三紀(jì)（系）Quaternary period(system)第四紀(jì)（系）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（Geologic Structural）fault 斷層normal fault 正斷層 reversed fault 逆斷層 parallel fault平移斷層 gouge 斷層泥 stria 擦痕 joint 節(jié)理primary joint 原生節(jié)理 secondary joint 次生節(jié)理 tension joint 張節(jié)理unloading joint 卸荷節(jié)理 schistosity 片理 bedding 層理foliation 板理（葉理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕 rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 巖層產(chǎn)狀 strike 走向 dip 傾向angle of dip(dip angle)傾角 fold 褶皺anticline 背斜 syncline 向斜Monocline(homocline)單斜 dome 穹隆soft stratum 軟弱巖層zone of fracture(broken zone)破碎帶affected zone 影響帶 platy structure 板狀構(gòu)造 cleavage 解理fracture(rupture)斷裂fissure(crack/fracture)裂隙 巖石類型（Rock type）petrology 巖石學(xué) igneous rock 火成巖 magmatic rock 巖漿巖 lava(vocanic rock)火山巖 intrusive(invade)rock 侵入巖 effusive rock 深成巖 pypabussal rock 淺成巖 acid rock 酸性巖intermediate rock 中性巖 basic rock 基性巖ultrabasic rock 超基性巖 granite 花崗巖 porphyry 斑巖 rhyolite 玢巖 syenite 流紋巖 trachyte 粗面巖 diorite 閃長巖 andesite 安山巖 gabbro 輝長巖 basalt 玄武巖 aplite 細晶巖pegmatite 偉晶巖 lamprophyre 煌斑巖 diabase 輝綠巖 dunite 橄欖巖 pumice 浮巖sedimentary rock 沉積巖 clastic rock 碎屑巖clay rock 黏土巖chemical rock 化學(xué)巖 biolith 生物巖conglomerate 礫巖 siltstone 粉砂巖 mudstone 泥巖 shale 頁巖saline rock 鹽巖 limestone 石灰?guī)r dolomite 白云巖 marl 泥灰?guī)rvolcanic breccia 火山角礫巖volcanic agglomerate 火山塊集巖tuff 凝灰?guī)rmetamorphic rock 變質(zhì)巖 slate 板巖 phyllite 千枚巖 schist 片巖 gneiss 片麻巖 quartzite 石英巖 marble 大理巖 mylonite 糜棱巖 migmatite 混合巖 cataclasite 碎裂巖sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）boulder 漂石、頑石 cobble 卵石 gravel 礫石 sand 砂siltstone 粉土 clay 黏土sandy clay 砂質(zhì)黏土 clayey sand 粘質(zhì)砂土 sandy loam 壤土、亞黏土 regolith(topsoil)浮土、表土 loess 黃土 laterite 紅土 peat 泥炭ooze 軟泥、海泥造巖礦物（Rockforming Minerals）talc 滑石 gypsum 石膏 calcite 方解石 fluorite 螢石 apatite 磷灰石 feldspar 長石quartz 石英 topaz 黃玉 corund