【正文】 sold fifteen years ago.（定語從句，where為關(guān)系副詞）區(qū)分表語從句和同位語從句從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句，而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。如：The student who answered the question was ，如：When it rains, I usually go to school by ，我通常坐公共汽車上學(xué)。He likes playing football very ，he是主語，likes是謂語，playing football是賓語，very much是狀語。（if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：if +狀語從句，＋主句）。主語從句用作主語，如：：That the earth is round is 。 English teacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點(diǎn)隔開。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother39。句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地點(diǎn)從句，＋主句。三 地點(diǎn)狀語從句167。例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on ，總是來看我。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to mence ，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：It will be four days before they e 。例如：We always sing as we 。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。（從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用es back,表示一般將來時(shí)，決不可用will e back）二 時(shí)間狀語從句167。，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物狀語從句167。We arrived the day that(on which)they 。這種時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，如果主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。這里特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述句的語序，不是疑問句的倒裝語序。）3．連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which：它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意義。ve passed the exam． 2．連詞whether或if：它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口語中多用if。分別等于：no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when二賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu):主句+that（可有可無）+肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):主句+if+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):主句+疑問詞+肯定句。無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表結(jié)果?！?結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+（連接詞）+賓語從句（用陳述句語序）Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the +謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+that+賓語從句用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動(dòng)詞有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。同位語從句即表示同位語是一個(gè)完整的句子?！?連詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞有that, whether, 連接代詞有who, what, which, 連接副詞有when, where, how, why等。Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，中國(guó)于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。We came to the decision that we must act at made a proposal that the meeting be 。is fine。t know which sweater I should buy.→I don39。例如：Please call me if you need 。直接引語為一般疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f /whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。例如： He said（that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us（that light travels much faster than sound.）三、直接引語和間接引語在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用 我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式，一種時(shí)直接引述別人的話語，并置于引號(hào)之內(nèi)的稱為直接引語，另一種是用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語，稱為間接引語，間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether we39。從句中第一人稱改成說話的人，第二人稱改成聽話的人 We are going to pick apples for the students saidThe students said they were going to pick apples for the you go there with my parents?(He asked her)He asked her if she would go there with his I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by 在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that 。ll e the day after wondered if/whether it rained last night there a hotel near here?(Can you tell me).Can you tell me if/ whether there is a hotel near here? they be back in three days?(She wants to know).She wants to know if / whether they would be back in three days people like watching boat wondered if / whether people liked watching boat the goddess give him the magic medicine? She asked if/ whether the goddess gave him the magic ：賓語從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí), 從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)。1)從句為陳述句時(shí)用that連接(常省略), 從句語序不變。t know whether/if he39。一說二聽三不改。, She told me(that)she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li ：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情況例外。t know（if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。”Where are you from?” asked Linda.“你來自哪里？”琳達(dá)問。具體變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí) 【注意】含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的直接引語變成間接引語是，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時(shí)態(tài)。”→He told me that my bike was 。(2)主句祈使句，if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：I don39。es（）, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?Sorry, I have no go。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were question who should do the work requires have no idea what he is doing now.。例如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations ?！?位置：它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。He looked as if he was going to 、同位語從句★ 定義：同位語是一個(gè)名詞，表示與前面名詞相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位語，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位語?！?連詞：連接賓語從句的連詞有that, whether, if, 連接代詞有 who，whose, what, which 以及連接副詞有when, where, how, why。注意：在從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表目的。, however,wherever, whenever它們是what, how, where, when的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語氣。例如：1）He knew（that）he should work hard．2）I am glad（that）you39。（該句中的whether不能換成if，因?yàn)閕f不能與or連用。）第二關(guān)，牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序，即“連接詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。誤：I thought（that）you are free today．正：I thought（that）you would be free today． 錯(cuò)句中賓語從句用are很可能是因?yàn)橛?today，但因?yàn)橹骶渲^語是thought，所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時(shí)would be了。I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。We arrived the day that(on which)they 。（從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have finished，表示將來完成時(shí),決不可用will have finished）If he es back, please let me ，請(qǐng)通知我。【區(qū)別】when, while和as的區(qū)別：when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。（對(duì)比）As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。Please wait until I 。 soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another ，就被邀請(qǐng)開始另一旅程。 time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反對(duì)這種境況。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are ，哪里人民得解放。 new teacher的同位語,指同一人。Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, 。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。（時(shí)間狀語）If he es tomorrow, you will see ，你就可以看見他。參考資料：