【正文】 ctive. Furthermore, fuzzy logic is well suited to lowcost implementations based on cheap sensors, lowresolution analogtodigital converters, and 4bit or 8bit onechip microcontroller chips. Such systems can be easily upgraded by adding new rules to improve performance or add new features. In many cases, fuzzy control can be used to improve existing traditional controller systems by adding an extra layer of intelligence to the current control method. Fuzzy control in detail Fuzzy controllers are very simple conceptually. They consist of an input stage, a processing stage, and an output stage. The input stage maps sensor or other inputs, such as switches, thumbwheels, and so on, to the appropriate membership functions and truth values. The processing stage invokes each appropriate rule and generates a result for each, then bines the results of the rules. Finally, the output stage converts the bined result back into a specific control output valueThe most mon shape of membership functions is triangular, although trapezoidal and bell curves are also used, but the shape is generally less important than the number of curves and their placement. From three to seven curves are generally appropriate to cover the required range of an input value, or the universe of discourse in fuzzy jargonAs discussed earlier, the processing stage is based on a collection of logic rules in the form of IFTHEN statements, where the IF part is called the antecedent and the THEN part is called the consequent This rule uses the truth value of the temperature input, which is some truth value of cold, to generate a result in the fuzzy set for the heater output, which is some value of high. This result is used with the results of other rules to finally generate the crisp posite output. Obviously, the greater the truth value of cold, the higher the truth value of high, though this does not necessarily mean that the output itself will be set to high since this is only one rule among many. In some cases, the membership functions can be modified by hedges that are equivalent to adjectives. Common hedges include about, near, close to, approximately, very, slightly, too, extremely, and somewhat. These operations may have precise definitions, though the definitions can vary considerably between different implementations. Very, for one example, squares membership functions。以這樣一種方式成為一個(gè)章模糊控制的模糊邏輯編程。然后公式冷→高是適用于任何一個(gè)師 ,因此任何不正確的控制提供了一種給 r。大致過(guò)程如下 : 。 有幾種方法可以定義一個(gè)規(guī)則的結(jié)果 ,而是一種最常見(jiàn)的和最簡(jiǎn)單的是“極大極小“推理法 ,給出了輸出隸屬函數(shù)的真值所產(chǎn)生的前提。在某些情況下 ,隸屬函數(shù)可以修正“籬笆”相當(dāng)于形容詞。最后 ,將結(jié)果輸出階段相結(jié)合的具體控制輸出回他的價(jià)值。在許多情況下 ,數(shù)學(xué)模型的控制過(guò)程可能不存在 ,或太“貴”的認(rèn)識(shí)論的計(jì)算機(jī)處理能力和內(nèi)存 ,與系統(tǒng)的基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)規(guī)則可能更有效。輸出變量 ,“制動(dòng)壓力” ,也定義為一個(gè)模糊集 ,有價(jià)值觀像“靜” 、“稍微增大” “略微下降” ,等等。分散和濁度傳感器用來(lái)檢測(cè)透射光測(cè)量失禁的洗滌 ,以及一個(gè)磁致伸縮傳感器來(lái)讀取旋轉(zhuǎn)速率。和以前的設(shè)計(jì)相比 ,新設(shè)計(jì)的模糊控制器增加五次加熱冷卻速度 ,降低能耗 24%,增加溫度穩(wěn)定性的一個(gè)因素兩個(gè) ,使用較少的傳感器。日立洗衣機(jī)用模糊控制 器 LoadWeight,FabricMix 和塵土傳感器及自動(dòng)設(shè)定洗滌周期來(lái)最佳利用電能、水和洗滌劑。在一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議在東京的模糊研究那一年 ,Yamakawa 論證使用模糊控制 ,通過(guò)一系列簡(jiǎn)單的專(zhuān)用模糊邏輯芯片 ,在一個(gè)“倒立擺“實(shí)驗(yàn)。 歷史以及應(yīng)用 模糊邏輯首先被提出是有 Lotfi 在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校在1965 年的一篇論文。這讓它更容易完成機(jī)械化已成功由人執(zhí)行。 1987 年另一項(xiàng)促進(jìn)模糊系統(tǒng)的興趣。 松下吸塵器使用微控制器運(yùn)行模糊算法去控制傳感器和調(diào)整吸塵力。溫度傳感器提供輸入 ,輸出一個(gè)控制逆變器 ,一個(gè)壓縮機(jī)氣閥 ,風(fēng)扇電機(jī)。電導(dǎo)率傳感器 ,用來(lái)測(cè)量離子洗滌劑水平存在于洗 。 在一個(gè)例子里 ,有兩個(gè)輸入變量是“剎車(chē)溫度”和“速度” ,定義為模糊集值。 如果 PID 和其他傳統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)是如此的先進(jìn) ,何必還要模糊控制嗎 ?它有一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)。每一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)募庸るA段調(diào)用規(guī)則和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō) ,然后結(jié)合結(jié)果的規(guī)則。很明顯 ,越是 真理價(jià)值的“冷” ,真值越高 ,“高” ,但這并不一定就意味著輸出本身會(huì)被設(shè)置為“高” ,因?yàn)檫@是唯一準(zhǔn)則在許多。還有一個(gè)不經(jīng)營(yíng)者一個(gè)隸屬函數(shù)減去從 1 到給“補(bǔ)充性”功能。 模糊控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)是基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)方法 ,基本上一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的方法試誤。作為一個(gè)例子 ,解釋一個(gè)規(guī)則 ,因?yàn)槿绻麥囟仁恰袄洹?,那么加熱器是“ 高”由第一階表達(dá)式冷→高和假設(shè)是一個(gè)輸入這樣冷是假的。更多的是任何系統(tǒng)的 If Then 規(guī)則可轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)模糊的程序 ,在這種情況下模糊函數(shù)模糊謂詞的解釋很好在相關(guān)的最小模糊 Herbrand 模型。 a turbidity sensor that measures scattered and transmitted light to measure the soiling of the wa