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佛教中英文翻譯詞匯(更新版)

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【正文】 d monks while in the south many scholarbureaucrats were well versed in Buddhism. The royal families were passionate toward Buddhism and granted monks and nuns considerable privileges. The number of temples mushroomed to 1768 and with them as many as 24,000 monks and nuns. Monks were to bee a new class in China and Buddhism took a firm hold on the country.在南北朝,佛教繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展。很顯然,這是佛教在中國的傳播史上的重大事件。因當時西域發(fā)生戰(zhàn)亂,交通斷絕,至永平十六年才開放。s Han, the academic munity have been inconclusive. Ancient Chinese historical records, there are antiQin Li when Salmonella Room 18 people to China and other records. According to the law of good, see adjacent Posha account, in the era of Asoka, Buddhism after the third assembled, had sent up to Dade Maha Yu Le abandon that world (the original note: Han)。Three different forms of this religion evolved as it reached the centers of population at varying times and by different routes. The social and ethnic background in each location also affected the way in which each of these forms developed and eventually they became known as Han, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism. 漢傳佛教Han Buddhism 傳入中國漢族地區(qū)的佛教,經(jīng)過長期的經(jīng)典傳譯、講習、融化,與中國傳統(tǒng)文化結合,從而形成具有民族特點的各種學派和宗派;并外傳朝鮮、日本和越南。隋朝帝王信奉佛教,唐朝帝王雖然信奉道教,但對佛教采取了保護包容的政策。 All living beings have Buddhanature ,everyone with the Buddhanuture may attain Buddhahood.3 佛教 (Buddhism) 中國的佛教 Buddhism in China佛教是中國最重要的宗教。 三寶 Three Jewels (藏文kon chok sum):佛寶、法寶及僧寶。 人道,是六道中最幸運的,因為人道眾生具有達到證悟的最佳機會,雖然他們有生、老、病、死之苦 畜生道,由于強烈的愚癡而受生,有深切的暗啞之苦: 餓鬼道,由于強烈的慳吝而受生,有極端的饑渴之苦: 地獄道,由于強烈的填瞋歸鬼恚心而受生,具有極端的冷熱之苦。 眾生因為貪、瞋、癡 (三毒或煩惱障) 而流轉于輪回,并承受輪回之苦。 世俗諦 Relative truth(藏文kun dzop):和勝義諦(或譯為圣諦、真諦)合稱為二諦。 涅燊 Nirvana(藏文nya ngen lay day pa):完全證悟時所達到的境界。人道:是六道中最幸運的,因為人道眾生具有達到證悟的最佳機會,雖然他們有生、老、病、死之苦:畜生道:由于強烈的愚癡而受生,有深切的暗啞之苦:餓鬼道:由于強烈的慳吝而受生,有極端的饑渴之苦:地獄道:由于強烈的填瞋歸鬼恚心而受生,具有極端的冷熱之苦。為已開悟的小乘修行者,依修十二因緣而悟道,但不具救度一切眾生的菩薩愿;其修行動機是自利,而非利他之菩提心。 大班智達 Mahapandita(藏文 pan di ta che po):偉大的佛教大學者;班智達,pandita:大學者。 三身 Kayas,three(藏文ku sum):佛有三身:化身、報身、法身。 阿修羅 Jealous Gods (梵文asura,藏文lha ma yin):嫉妒心極強之眾生,因有染污的善業(yè)而生于上三道中的阿修羅道??嘀B、集諦、滅諦及道諦是佛教小乘的基礎思惟。 悲,愿一切眾生離苦及苦因。煩惱障主要可分為三種或五種。法身dharmakaya 又稱為「自性身」或「法性身」,是佛陀的全然證悟身或圓融智慧身,是超越形相的真知智慧,顯現(xiàn)于報身及化身。法性是完全開悟者所見到的現(xiàn)象,沒有任何的障蔽及曲解。 依因緣而存在 Conditioned Existence (梵文SamSara,藏文Kor Wa):即輪回的現(xiàn)象。 菩薩Bodhi SattVa (藏文Chang Chup Sem Pa):義為「展現(xiàn)證悟心者」,亦指為了救度一切眾生脫離輪回苦海,而誓愿修持以菩提心為基礎的大乘法門及六波羅蜜的修行者。 甘露 Amrta (藏文dut tsi) : 一種加持物,能幫助心理及生理疾病的復元。Manjusri Buddisattva地藏菩薩 ksitigahba Buddhisattva 善財童子Sudhana 羅漢 Arhan西方三圣:阿彌陀佛、觀音菩薩、大勢至菩薩 Wutai Mountain is the Holy Place of Manjusri Buddhisattva 峨嵋山Eight noble pathsThero/Venerable 大長老Mahathero/ Most Venerable 方丈/主持AbbotMaster/Venerable 長老follow the five mandments of Buddhism(no killing,no stealing,no sexual misconduct,no lying,no intoxicant)諸惡莫做,眾善奉行,自凈其意,既是佛教 “To do no evil, to do only good, to purify the will, is the doctrine of all Buddhas”做功德to make contribution to 普渡終生to save all living beings from sufferings四諦Four noble truths 八正道Four devakings, the protectors of Buddhism 客堂Monastic Reception韋馱Vitasoka/Vigatasoka, the protector of Buddhism 佛像 Buddha statue四大名山Four holy mountains of Chinese Buddhism 彌勒佛Maitreya Buddha五臺山 Secretary General 副秘書長Deputy Secretary General任持自性、軌生物解 retaining its own nature,such that it can be recognized正覺 enlightenment 因果律 the causal principle 究竟菩提心 Absolute Bodhi Citta 完全覺醒、見到現(xiàn)象之空性的心。 菩提心 Bodhi Citta (藏文Chang Chup Sem):義為「開悟或證悟之心」。圓滿次第是密續(xù)禪修的方法,在這個階段,行者由于體內(nèi)氣脈及能量的變化而得到大樂、明性及無念的覺受。 法性 Dharmata (藏文Cho Nyi):義為「如是」、「事物之真實本性」、「事物之如如真相」。 法、佛法 Dharma (藏文Cho): 一、指真理;二、指佛陀所教導我們修正言行的方法與修持成佛的法門 (即佛法)。 五毒 Five Poisons (梵文klesas,藏文nyon mong):即煩惱障或心識障 : 相對于知識障。 四無量心 Four Immeasurables (藏文 tsam med pa): 無量有四,慈、悲、喜、舍; 慈,愿一切眾生具樂及樂因。 四圣諦 Four Noble Truths(藏文pakpay den pa Shi ): 佛陀以在印度鹿野苑(撒拉那,Saranath)開示四圣諦而開始轉法輪。事物的顯現(xiàn)主要有十二種緣起,稱為十二因緣。 業(yè)、業(yè)報因果 Karma (藏文lay):字義為「行為」,亦指宇宙之因果定律:善行(善因)必導致善果,惡行(惡因)必導致惡果:善果必出自善因,惡果必出自惡因。直觀自心,而不是經(jīng)由善巧法門認知自心。 緣覺或獨覺 Pratyeka Buddha (藏文rang sang gye):意為「孤立的證悟者」,又名辟支佛。 六波羅蜜 (Six): 布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定及智慧 輪回六道 Six realms of Samsara (藏文rikdruk):由于不同的煩惱或心識染污特質而受生于輪回的六種形態(tài):天道:天人或天道眾生具有強烈的傲慢心,必須歷經(jīng)變易之苦:阿修羅道:具有強烈的嫉妒、猜疑心,必須歷經(jīng)斗爭之苦。 龍樹 Nagauna 化身 Nirmanakaya 又稱為「應化身」,示現(xiàn)于世間,如釋迦牟尼佛于此世間之化現(xiàn)。通常它是表示從比較高超的角度(例如,非二元)來看事情的智慧。 輪回 Samsara (藏文kor wa):依因緣而存在的存在形式,和涅樂相反。 輪回六道 Six Realms of Samsara (藏文rikdruk):由于不同的煩惱或心識染污特質而受生于輪回的六種形態(tài): 天道,天人或天道眾生具有強烈的傲慢心,必須歷經(jīng)變易之苦 阿修羅道,具有強烈的嫉妒、猜疑心,必須歷經(jīng)斗爭之苦。 十圓滿 Ten Assets or Endowments (梵文dasasam pada,藏文jor wa chu):益于修持佛法的十種因素:生于人道、生于佛法盛傳之地、具有健全的心智、無極大惡業(yè)、對佛法有信心、值佛出世、值佛傳法、值法傳世、有修行者與修行的自由及具善知識之慈悲教導。第三時期是隋朝(581—618)和唐朝(618—907)佛教在中國迎來了鼎盛時期并取得前所未有的發(fā)展。s Republic of China and the implementing of the policy of freedom in religion belief, Chinese Buddhism embraced its new growing age. Now it is developing greatly and the international academic exchanges are expanded. 佛教的宗派Sects of Buddhism由于傳入的時間、途徑、地區(qū)和民族文化、社會歷史背影的不同,中國佛教形成三大系,即漢傳佛教(漢語系)、藏傳佛教(藏語系)和云南地區(qū)佛教(巴利語系)。 Buddhism came to China39。此說是否為歷史事實,近代頗有爭議。在公元401年,鳩摩羅什從月門關附近的西域地區(qū)來到長安,和3000名學士一起翻譯了74 佛經(jīng)。an from the Western Region that lay to the west to Yumenguan Pass and together with 3,000 scholars translated 74 sutras. Obviously, this was an event of great importance to spread of Buddhism. During the Jin Dynasty a new class emerged。成立了一個翻譯機構,在長安(今西安)首都城市,大雁塔佛經(jīng)。此后,禪宗被介紹給韓國。Buddhism penetrated daily life and had a substantial impact in architecture, sculpture, painting, music and , Buddhism was forbidden in 845 due to social and economical reasons. Over 4600 temples were demolished and 260, 500 monks and nuns were forced to give up their religion. The bination of Buddhism and Confucianism led to the formation of Li Xue, the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties. This tradition was inherited by the Qing Dynasty and Zen became synonymous with Han Buddhism. 南傳佛教 Southern Buddhism西雙版納傣族自治州,云南省信奉南傳佛教。憑借其宗教和政治相結合,南傳佛教,吸收本地的文化,具有靈活的教義。喇嘛教39。Lamaism39。因為在這個教派僧人和尚總是穿紅色的帽子。old39。colorful39。許多人磕頭、在寺廟燒香是因為他們遇到
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