【正文】 蓮花生大士 Padmasambhva (藏文Guru Rinpoche)：于第九世紀應邀至西藏，降服邢穢及魔障，并建立寧瑪派傳承，為藏傳佛教之祖師。 般若 Prajna（藏文she rab）：在梵文的意思是「圓滿的知識」，也可以表示智慧、理解或辨識能力。 儀軌 Sadhana（藏文drup tap）：密續(xù)修法的法本，詳細地敘述如何觀修本尊的壇城及禪定。 報身Samb Hogakaya 又稱為「法樂身」，示現(xiàn)給菩薩。僧眾可能是法道上的一切修行者，或是已開悟的出家眾。 悉地 Siddhis（藏文ngo drub）：佛教成就者的修行成就。色蘊、受蘊、想蘊、行蘊及識蘊等五蘊，是將物體的存在轉化為知覺的五種基本功能。 密續(xù) Tantra（藏文gyu）：金剛乘法教及其典籍。 佛陀所制定的戒律；論藏，佛弟子所造的論述，主體是現(xiàn)象的分析，是法教的闡釋或論述傳統(tǒng)。在其發(fā)展過程中，對傳統(tǒng)的中國文化和思想有著深遠影響并成為當時中國最重要的宗教之一。第二時期是在晉朝（265—420），南北朝（386—589）時期，翻譯、撰寫了更多的佛教經(jīng)文. 從南北朝開始，中國佛教進入繁盛時期。然而，在封建社會末期，由于社會動蕩，中國佛教發(fā)展得佷緩慢。s emperors believed in Taoism, they showed a protective and tolerant attitude toward the development of other religions such as Buddhism. So in this period, Buddhism got a rapid and great development in China.However, in the late of feudal society, because of the social unrest, Chinese Buddhism was slow in development. After the founding of People39。古代漢文史籍中，有秦始皇時沙門室利防等18人到中國的記載。以上這些布教活動因無譯述遺跡傳世，無法證實。漢武帝還開辟了海上航道與印度東海岸的黃支等地建立聯(lián)系。歷來均以永平年間（公元58～75）遣使西域取回《四十二章經(jīng)》為佛法傳入中國之始。傳播的地區(qū)以長安、洛陽為中心，波及彭城（徐州）等地。an and Luoyang as the center, spread to Pengcheng (Xuzhou) and other places. Buddhism, Taoism was thought that the same technique as a fairy party, it will be the Yellow Emperor Huan, I worship the Buddha with chanting faire dissatisfied, still the kernel Buddha Temple, the Salmonella deemed alchemist. Buddhism in royalty and nobility are respected. Buddhism during the Han Dynasty was regarded as having its basis in magic in much the same way as Taoism and it first took root among members of the royal family and aristocracy. 晉朝時期，佛教在平民中廣受歡迎。他們匯集了既定的，流行的形而上學和佛教教義。The Jin Dynasty witnessed the popularization among ordinary people. In 401 Kumarajiva was invited to Chang39。最重要的事件是時達摩來到中國。唐代皇帝自稱他們是老子—道教創(chuàng)始人的后代和參拜者，但在實踐中他們認識到佛教的重要性。an (today39。在公元730年，慧能的弟子贏了與其他教派的辯論。s disciples won debates with other sects and Zen was strengthened in China. Zen was introduced to Korea in the 8th Century and to Japan at the end of the 12th Century.佛教深入日常生活，并在建筑，雕塑，繪畫，音樂和文學產(chǎn)生重大影響。這種傳統(tǒng)繼承了清代與漢傳佛教禪宗成為代名詞。南傳佛教僧人在11世紀的戰(zhàn)爭逃去。這些都有助于普及老百姓南傳佛教。In 1277 a written Dai language was created and the Pattra sutra appeared. In the Ming Dynasty a Burmese princess was married to a local ruler in Dai area and Burmese monks were sent to Yunnan. A large quantity of Buddhist temples were built in Jinghong . All these helped to popularize Southern Buddhism among the mon people. With its bination of religion and politics, Southern Buddhism, absorbing Tai culture, has flexible doctrines. Monks can eat meat and can secularize. Women do not bee nuns for to do so would break their ancestral line.一般來說，佛教是傣族人民之間的單一的宗教，并比他們的日常生活，像雕塑，繪畫，民間傳說文化的綜合影響還大。Generally, Buddhism is the single religion among Dai people and has a prehensive influence over their daily life and culture like sculpture, painting and folklores. Young boys must go to the temples and learn knowledge until they bee adults. Some remain in the temples and bee monks while others return to secular life. In a sense, monks assume the role of imparting ethnic culture 藏傳佛教Tibetan Buddhism藏傳佛教，也叫39。受這兩個佛教的公主，他皈依佛教，建大昭寺和小昭寺寺（小趙硅）。Tibetan Buddhism, also called 39。Major Sects of Tibetan BuddhismPresent Tibetan Buddhism can be divided into four sects: Nyingmapa, Kagyupa, Gelugpa, and Sakyapa.寧瑪在藏語中思是39。紅教39。在14世紀，宗喀巴創(chuàng)建的格魯派鼓勵僧侶過著簡樸的生活和無私的精神。Nyingmapa means 39。 because monks in this sect always wear red monk hats. The Kagyupa sect was created in the middle of 11th century, and it is famous for having the most branches in Tibetan Buddhism. It is called 39。. In Tibetan, sakyapa means 39。There are many Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in China, which are worth visiting to experience authentic Tibetan Buddhist culture. Famous Tibetan Buddhist monasteries include: Drepung Monastery, Ganden Monastery, Labrang Monastery, Sakya Monastery, Sera Monastery, Ta39。這在一定意義上揭示了中國對信仰的功利性態(tài)度。正如今天的白領階層去酒吧，唐朝學者去餐廳喝酒，調情。s white collar classes go to。Over its long history, Buddhism has left an indelible impact on Chinese civilization. Many words and phrases have root in a Buddhist origin. Take a colloquial phrase as an example, 39。佛教和禪宗文學的痕跡是顯而易見的。許多單詞和短語，起源于佛教。. Temples of the Sakyapa sect are painted in red, white and black stripes, symbolizing Manjusri Bodhisattva, Avalokitesvara and Vajradhara, so it is called the “colorful sect”.有許多藏傳佛教寺院在中國，這是值得一游，體驗地道的藏傳佛教文化。 because monks belonging to this sect wear white robes and their temples are painted white. In 14th century, Tsong Khapa created Gelugpa sect. This sect encourages monks to live an austere and unselfish life. Monks of this sect wear yellow hats, so it is called 39。 in Tibetan. Nyingmapa is the oldest sect in Tibetan Buddhism. It is also called 39。在西藏，薩迦意思是“豐富多彩”。噶舉派創(chuàng)造于11世紀中葉，它是藏傳佛教中有名的分支機構。寧瑪派是藏傳佛教中最古老的教派。, started in the middle of 7th century. At that time, King Songtsen Gampo married Nepalese Princess Chizun and Princess Wencheng from Chang39。藏傳佛教完全形成于10世紀末。開始于7世紀中葉。有些則是在寺廟做人，而從未還俗。和尚可以吃肉，可以還俗。在明代，緬甸公主被送往云南，嫁給了一個傣族地區(qū)統(tǒng)治者。據(jù)記載，7世紀中葉，巴利語系佛教通過緬甸傳入云南，但只持續(xù)了四個世紀。4600座廟宇被拆除，500僧侶和尼姑被迫放棄他們的宗教。Hui Neng (638713), the sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, should not be ignored. His famous verses, Originally there was no Bodhitree, nor stand of a bright mirror. The mirror was originally clean and pure。他著名的詩句，“菩提本無樹，明鏡亦非臺，本來無一物，何處惹塵埃。玄奘是此時最知名的和尚，他的旅程是印度，為明代小說西游記（也被稱為孫悟空）模型。他們沒有達成一致，所以帶著問題的達摩來到少林寺。 that of the scholarbureaucrats. They brought together the established, popular metaphysics and Buddhist doctrines. In the north of China there were quite a few reputed monks while in the south many scholarbureaucrats were well versed in Buddhism. The royal families were passionate toward Buddhism and granted monks and nuns considerable privileges. The number of temples mushroomed to 1768 and with them as many as 24,000 monks and nuns. Monks were to bee a new class in China and Buddhism took a firm hold on the country.在南北朝，佛教繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展。王室家庭授予佛教僧侶和尼姑相當大的權限。很顯然，這是佛教在中國的傳播史上的重大事件。佛教在皇室成員和貴族中受到尊崇。因當時西域發(fā)生戰(zhàn)亂，交通斷絕，至永平十六年才開放。東漢明帝于永平八年（65）賜楚王英詔言其“尚浮屠之