【正文】 Cao Xueqing was born in 1715 ( ), and died in poverty in 1764 ( ). The Exclamation Mark ( ! ) 1. The exclamation mark is used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion. Wow! What beautiful flowers! Help! It is on fire! The exclamation mark indicates strong emphasis and therefore it should be used sparingly. It is preferable to close a mild interjection with a ma or a period. (Do not use it frequently!) the exclamation mark is used after a slogan. Long live the Peoples Republic of China! NATO Out! The Semicolon ( 。t worry, he said, trying to fort me. We will help you make up for the lessons. (cf. To be frank with you, he said, you should not have told him that. Capitalization(4) The first letters of the essential words in proper nouns ( names of people, countries, organizations historical events, planes, etc.) Darwin Shakespeare China Jesus Christ the Great Wall the Red Cross Boeing 747 (5) The first letters of designation of relatives before family names: Uncle Geoge Aunt Maggie Niece Mary Grandma Lee Capitalization(6) Almost all abbreviations except ., ., etc., ., c/o, ., tec (7) the first letter of essential word in trade marks, service signs, posts, greetings, etc. Information Desk Hands Off Open Strictly No Smoking (祝你生日快樂!) Happy birthday to you! Happy Birthday to you! (8) the title of all significant words in the title of a theme, article, essay. newspaper, periodical. But a form word of less than five letters is not capitalized unless it begins the title. Jane Eyre Gone with the Wind My College Life Capitalization(9) the first letter of the salutation and plimentary close in a letter: Dear Sir, Dear Mr. Evans, Sincerely yours, Yours, (10) the first letter of the words of the days of a week, the month, and the major words of holidays:Punctuation Main Punctuation marks 1. the period(.) 2. the question mark ( )3. the exclamation point (!)4. the ma (,) 5. the semicolon (。 _to pose a full essay。(5) 摘要。(4) 謀篇布局。 _to write more effective sentences 。t split it like this: occupation) Nowadays, a puter deals with this problems automaticallyAbbreviations and Numerals Abbreviations shorten some words, titles and long names. They are used in advertising and informal occasions. 1) Be sure to use them before you know. 2) Be sure of the dots ( . ). Abbreviations 1)___ Before names (family names), titles are abbreviated: Mr. Green Ms. Adella Dr. Bethune 2)___ Titles of academics, government officials, and priest can be abbreviated, followed by the full name: Prof. Li Gov. Henry Ford Sen. Robert 3)_____ Academic degrees and family designations preceded by full names can be abbreviated: Robert Smith, Ph. D. John Jones Jr./Sr. 4) Names of wellknown organizations, firms, places, and long technical terms can be abbreviated by using the initial letters of the words: UNESCO FBI WHO TOEFL GATT 5)_____ Time designations when used with specific numbers are abbreviated: 135 . 6:00 . 6) Words referring to portions of address can be abbreviated when they appear in address on envelopes, letter headings, or inside addresses: Rd. Dept. Pro. . Capitalization 1)The use of capitalization is unique and important in writing. (1) The china made in China is first class. (2) he bought that article of japan in Japan. (3) Their child was shanghaied in Shanghai. (4) John wanted to go to the john. (5) The turkey here is not as good as in Turkey. _ 2)The capitalization is used in the following 10 aspects: (1) the beginning of a sentence Wonderful! Where there is a will, there is a way. Can you hear me at the back Capitalization (2) For the first letter in each line of a poem. The Arrow and the Song I shot an arrow into the sky, (3) The first letter of a directed quotation / speech: Who is on duty today the teacher asked. Don39。 no ma need be used if the order is daymonthyear. Hong Kong was returned to China on July 1, 1997. She was born on 15 September 1980. 6. With numbers over 1,000 or more, mas or little blank spaces may be used to separate digits by thousands. From right to left, a ma is placed after every three numerals. 12,221,548 53,507,214 The question Marks ( ) 1. The question mark is used after a direct question. Do you know Mr. Smith Could you please explain to me the meaning of this sentence she asked. 2. The question mark is used after a statement turned into a question ( said in a rising tune ). You like it You want to buy it The first time to the United States 3. A question mark put between parentheses indicates the writer39。 AntecedentJust as the predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number, so a pronoun has to agree with its antecedent.After a pound antecedent with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, a pronoun agrees with the nearer part of the antecedent.A singular pronoun follows a collective noun antecedent when the members of the group are considered as a unit。 Do not make confusing shift in person and number