【正文】 提出修改意見(jiàn)。施工招標(biāo)階段工程造價(jià)的控制應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確把握設(shè)計(jì)圖紙，通過(guò)對(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的具體情況分析和投標(biāo)單位的資格預(yù)審，編制招標(biāo)文件，確定工程標(biāo)底；通過(guò)評(píng)標(biāo)定標(biāo)，選擇中標(biāo)單位，并確定承包合同價(jià)。設(shè)計(jì)階段的監(jiān)理工作包括： 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)院提供的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和說(shuō)明，協(xié)助業(yè)主審核不同的設(shè)計(jì)方案，以便進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，制定出資金支出的初步估算計(jì)劃，以保證投資能得到最有效的運(yùn)用；配合業(yè)主對(duì)監(jiān)理工作包括：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)院提供的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和說(shuō)明，協(xié)助業(yè)主審核不同的設(shè)計(jì)方案，以便進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，制定出資金支出的初步估算計(jì)劃，以保證投資能得到最有效的運(yùn)用；配合業(yè)主對(duì)不同的設(shè)計(jì)方案，算出各自需要的材料和設(shè)備，以便進(jìn)行成本分析和研究，并向設(shè)計(jì)人員提出成本建議，協(xié)助他們?cè)谕顿Y限額范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行限額設(shè)計(jì)，以節(jié)約投資。對(duì)工程項(xiàng)目策劃階段的造價(jià)，許多業(yè)主有著錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)為造價(jià)越低就越好。同時(shí)，造價(jià)控制寓于工程項(xiàng)目造價(jià)確定的全過(guò)程，造價(jià)的確定過(guò)程也就是 造價(jià)控制的過(guò)程。根據(jù)西方一些國(guó)家分析，設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用一般只相當(dāng)于建設(shè)工程全部壽命費(fèi)用的１％以下，但是這少于１％的費(fèi)用對(duì)施工項(xiàng)目造價(jià)的影響度達(dá)到７５％以上，由此，可見(jiàn)設(shè)計(jì)階段的重要性。此階段除伴隨施工的時(shí)間推移發(fā)生的其他建設(shè)費(fèi)用外，大量的投資資金通過(guò)施工這 一環(huán)節(jié)不斷 “物化 ”，最終形成固定資產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目投資。項(xiàng)目初步設(shè)計(jì)概算有一定的準(zhǔn)確性并達(dá)到國(guó)家或行業(yè)規(guī)定的深度，是有效控制工程造價(jià)的前提。在項(xiàng)目的投資決策階段，項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策和各項(xiàng)技術(shù)，對(duì)項(xiàng)目投資以及項(xiàng)目建成以后的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著決定性的影響，是項(xiàng)目投資控制的一個(gè)很重要的階段。 工程造價(jià)管理以被動(dòng)的按照設(shè)計(jì)圖紙編制的概預(yù)算和計(jì)算工程造價(jià)為主，忽視了在設(shè)計(jì)階段用工程造價(jià)管理優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) ，有效的控制造價(jià)。工程項(xiàng)目造價(jià)有兩種含義，相應(yīng)的，工程項(xiàng)目造價(jià)管理有兩種，一為工程投資管理，一為工程項(xiàng)目?jī)r(jià)格管理。 我國(guó)目前的工程造價(jià)管理資料收集整理制度不完善。投資決策階段工程造價(jià)對(duì)建設(shè)工程全過(guò)程工程造價(jià)具有縱攬全局的決定性影響。 3. 項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)階段是造價(jià)管理的重要組成部分，可接受業(yè)主委托編制實(shí)物工程量清單（或工程標(biāo)底）和一系列相關(guān)文件，標(biāo)底的編審工作是招投標(biāo)管理的核心工作，因?yàn)闃?biāo)底是確定工程承包合同價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)，只有有了科 學(xué)的標(biāo)底，才能正確地判斷投標(biāo)的所報(bào)價(jià)格的合理和可靠性，才能在定標(biāo)時(shí)作出正確的決策，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行工程招投標(biāo)的管理規(guī)定，把握標(biāo)價(jià)的合理性和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。 5. 竣工結(jié)算階段是如實(shí)反映建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，也是工程造價(jià)管理的終點(diǎn)站。要有效的控制工程造價(jià)，就要把控制的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的前期 階段 ——策劃階段和設(shè)計(jì)階段上來(lái)。 工程監(jiān)理是控制工程造價(jià)的有效途徑。 設(shè)計(jì)階段工程造價(jià)控制。在設(shè)計(jì)階段運(yùn)用價(jià)值工程可降低造價(jià)２５％￣４０％，具有顯著的效果。 施工階段工程造價(jià)控制。對(duì)于竣工階段的工程造價(jià)控制，應(yīng)認(rèn) 真做好以下幾點(diǎn)：核對(duì)合同條款，審核竣工結(jié)算編制范圍，編制范圍是指編制工程竣工結(jié)算的工程及費(fèi)用范圍。s economic decisionmaking and various kinds of technology, investment and the project after the pletion of the project have a decisive impact on economic efficiency, control of the project investment is a very important stage. Specifically, the decisionmaking phase of the project, a project in the new project proposals approved, the project cost advisory body should be based on longterm national economic development planning, economic development in various sectors in economic development planning the basic requirements of the proposed project to Technically advanced and economically reasonable, and favourable in the munity can create benefits, financial and other aspects of the implementation of a prehensive and full investigation, analysis and feasibility studies, do a good job in the feasibility study. For policy makers decided to provide a reliable basis for the project. Investment decisionmaking phase of the construction cost of the entire process of project cost if Lan has a decisive impact on the overall situation. The construction project feasibility studies and investment decisionmaking is a source of the project cost. Cost is determined reasonable assessment of construction projects, the key followup work. 2. Phase of the project design phase of the design expenses only construction costs of the entire life of less than 1%, but the impact of the project cost accounts for more than 75 percent, and often easy to be ignored. Therefore, the project cost advisory body should be the design phase of cost management as a whole process of cost management in the key task. Preliminary design of the project budget for the accuracy of a certain country or industry and meet the depth requirements, effective control of project cost is the premise. Seize this critical design of the project cost control can be achieved multiplier effect. The design phase of cost control, is the source of cost control, is the most fundamental and important control. 3. Bidding phase of the project cost management is an important ponent of an acceptable kind of works missioned by the owners of the list (or engineering Base Price) and a series of relevant documents, basic price of the pipeline is bidding management of the core work, because the basic price is Determine the price of the contract basis, with only the basic price of science, can we correctly judge the tender reported by the reasonable prices and reliability can be when the make the right decisions, strictly implement the project bidding regulations, grasp Price is reasonable and petitive. Evaluation and calibration of the cost Practitioners and the preparation of cost as the basis for the legitimacy of the tender evaluation is based on legitimate and effective to ensure that the scientific and reasonable price. The market for the tender offer, the basic price of the provision of social services, and create an environment for fair petition. 4. Phase of the project implementation, cost management can not be ignored. Project implementation stage is a stage of building products, the entire process of building the project cost management is also the most difficult, most plicated stage. In addition to this stage of the passage of time with the other construction costs, a large number of investment funds through the construction of this part of the materialization, the ultimate form of fixed assets, and investment projects. Effective cost control can be a good adjustment of the contracting parties and interests, namely the owners to reduce the input costs and increase the project39。 correctly understand the design intent, strictly control the design changes, the design is wrong with the local timely correction