【正文】 re userfriendly and numbers of private hospitals(in petition for patients)employ amenities and form languages inspired by luxury spas。at the same time, many gyms and health clubs are adopting the clinical mien of medical facilities to convince their clients of the value of their same relaxation of interior protocols can be seen in offices that coopt the informal, livework ethic of the artist39。s reading such as the acmodation of personal accessories in the work space, the use of color in hospitals, and the provision of couches in libraries are increasingly mon, to cite just three domestication of such environments(with curtains and wallpaper, among other residential elements)provides more fort, more reassurance, and more pleasure to domains formerly defined by institutional prohibitions and social , these changes in public and mercial spaces are indebted to the liberation movements of the late battles fought against barriers of race, class, gender, and physical ability laid the groundwork for a larger climate of hospitality and is also possible to detect a wholly other agenda in the popularity of the residential introduction of domestic amenities into mercial spaces, such as recreation spaces in office interiors, can also be construed as part of a wider attempt to put a more acceptable face on the workings of freemarket this view, interior design dons the mask of is nothing new about the interior is fundamentally a stage is it particularly insidious—as long as the conceit is surfaces，however, when illusion bees delusion—when design overpensates for the realities of illness with patronizing sentiment, or when offices bee surrogate apartments because of the relentless demands of a roundtheclock these instances, design relinquishes its potential to transform daily life in favor of what amounts to little more than a facile rebranding of force is driving the domestication of the interior and that is the enlarged public awareness of design and is a growing popular demand for design as amenity and status symbol, stimulated by the proliferation of shelter magazines, television shows devoted to home decorating, and the advertising campaigns of mercial entities such as Target and the Western world, prosperity, bined with the appetite of the media, has all but fetishized the interior, yielding yet another reflection of the narcissism of a consumerdriven the one hand, there are positive, democratic outes of the growing public profile of design that can be seen in the rise of doityourself web sites and enterprises like Home Depot that emphasize can also be argued, more generally, that the reconsideration of beauty implicit in the valorization of design is an ameliorating social phenomenon by virtue of its propensity to inspire the other hand, the popularization of interior design through personas such as Philippe Starck, Martha Stewart, and Barbara Barry has encouraged a superficial understanding of the interior that is more focused on objects than it is on behaviors and interactions among all the recent explosion of interest in interior design, it remains, however, a fundamentally conservative arena of design, rooted as it is in notions of enclosure, security, and perception has been exacerbated by the growth of specialized practices focused, for example, on healthcare and such firms offer deep knowledge of the psychology, mechanics, and economies of particular environments, they also perpetuate distinctions that hinder a more integral approach to the interior as an extension of architecture and even the landscape notable exception is the growth of design and architecture firms accruing expertise in sustainable materials and their applications to the the same time that design firms are identifying themselves with sustainability and promoting themselves as environmentalists, a movement is building to incorporate environmental responsibility within normative the past four decades, efforts have intensified to professionalize the field of interior design and to accord it a status equal to that of the US and Canada the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, formerly known as FIDER, reviews interior design education programs at colleges and universities to regulate standards of , the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design(ICSID)embraces interior design within its purview, defining it as part of “intellectual profession, and not simply a trade or a service for enterprises.”Yet, the education of interior designers remains tremendously variable, with no uniformity of , interior design continues to be perceived as an arena open to the specialist and the perception is indicative of both the relatively short history of the profession itself and the broader cultural forces of inclusion and interactivity that mark a global ：Board of International Research in Design，Design Dictionary Perspectives on Design Terminology，Birkh228。1．1環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計室內(nèi)設(shè)計已被定義為創(chuàng)造性問題的解決過程：一個具有創(chuàng)造性、建設(shè)性行為的過程。室內(nèi)設(shè)計師在選擇材料是往往根據(jù)制造商的銷售資料而很少尋找相互矛盾的信息。2材料和方法2．1研究和樣本通過一個以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)、全國范圍的室內(nèi)設(shè)計從業(yè)人員調(diào)查，來檢查國家環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的室內(nèi)設(shè)計實踐。為了減低問卷的模糊率，初稿事先測試了20名室內(nèi)設(shè)計從業(yè)人員，并根據(jù)結(jié)果修改問卷，同時最后結(jié)果將事先的統(tǒng)計排除在外。2．4室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量提供一個生理和心理健康的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。詳細說明循環(huán)利用的材料；詳細說明當(dāng)?shù)刂圃斓牟牧?；詳細說明可快速再生的材料；詳細說明木質(zhì)材料，以便對森林管理負責(zé)；詳細說明持久、耐用的材料；詳細說明可重復(fù)使用、循環(huán)利用和生物降解的材料；詳細說明低生命周期影響的室內(nèi)材料。需要努力獲取知識并將環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計應(yīng)用于工程中將是很浪費時間和壓力的項目計劃。決定為什么室內(nèi)設(shè)計師有將環(huán)境特征運用到他們的設(shè)計世界的動機的原因?qū)苯哟龠M環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐。在室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量、環(huán)境煙草上的控制是最常見的應(yīng)用特點，而低揮發(fā)材料的使用是最少的。1996年,Zuurbier等學(xué)者在一般供應(yīng)鏈的基礎(chǔ)上，首次提出了食品供應(yīng)鏈概念，并認為食品供應(yīng)鏈管理是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品生產(chǎn)銷售等組織,為了降低食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流成本、提高其質(zhì)量安全和物流服務(wù)水平而進行的垂直一體化運作模式。為了滿足消費者對食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在種類和數(shù)量上的要求，企業(yè)不斷尋求和研發(fā)新技術(shù)，而新技術(shù)和新方法的過度使用(如殺蟲劑、激素、抗生素和轉(zhuǎn)w 基因技術(shù)等)，在滿足了消費者需求的同時，也不可避免地對人體產(chǎn)生了危害從而引起食品質(zhì)量安全問題。這種類型的供應(yīng)鏈，上游聚w 集了較多的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者,而在中游環(huán)節(jié)對產(chǎn)地生產(chǎn)情況比較了解,又在銷售地占有一定渠道優(yōu)勢的銷售商卻較少。這些大型超市為了滿足市場對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)一致性和供應(yīng)穩(wěn)定性的要求，對供應(yīng)商進行了嚴格的篩選。大型超市為了適應(yīng)消費需求的顯著變化，將原先由獨立企業(yè)從事的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的增值環(huán)節(jié)進行“內(nèi)部化”，專門建立大型加工及配送中心，對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進行清洗、分類、深度加工、包裝和配送等增值業(yè)務(wù)，同時通過在大型加工中心實施HACCP和GMP加工質(zhì)量和衛(wèi)生安全認證，來保證食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)安全。而分析這些差異，他們又發(fā)現(xiàn)三種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品食品供應(yīng)鏈管理的共性，即存在三種驅(qū)動力。許多企業(yè)已利用食品供應(yīng)鏈跟蹤系統(tǒng)，來最大限度地減少食品安全體系缺陷可能造成的潛在損失。在對食品跟蹤與