【正文】
.................................................................................11 驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片 ULN20xx ............................................................................................11 ULN20xx 芯片特點(diǎn) ....................................................................................11 ULN20xx 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用電路 ................................................................. 12 平衡臂 .............................................................................................................. 13 4 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 13 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................ 14 時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 14 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 15 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路模塊 ................................................................................................... 16 穩(wěn)壓電源模塊 ................................................................................................... 17 變壓器 .............................................................................................................. 17 5 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................. 18 編譯軟件 Keil C51 簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................................................... 19 軟件編譯 .......................................................................................................... 20 6 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 .................................................................................................................... 21 Protel99se 及其操作簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................................................... 21 原理及 PCB 設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 22 硬件調(diào)試 .......................................................................................................... 23 硬件調(diào)試的準(zhǔn)備工作 ............................................................................... 23 調(diào)試過(guò)程 ................................................................................................. 23 設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果 .......................................................................................................... 23 7 結(jié)論與研究展望 .......................................................................................................... 24 主 要結(jié)論 .......................................................................................................... 24 展望 ................................................................................................................. 25 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 26 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................ 27 聲 明 ........................................................................................................................ 28 附 錄 ........................................................................................................................ 29 第 1 頁(yè) 共 34 頁(yè) 1 引言 選題背景及意義 隨著社會(huì)的不斷進(jìn)步,人們對(duì)生活條件的不斷優(yōu)化,人們對(duì)衣食住行的要求越來(lái)越高,高樓大廈不斷平地而起。 該設(shè)計(jì)中選用的單片機(jī)是 12C5A60S2, 單片機(jī)內(nèi)含 8路高速 10位 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換,另外電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片選擇的是 ULN20xx。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外,本論文不包含任何其他 個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫(xiě)的成果作品。對(duì)本研究提供過(guò)幫助和做出過(guò)貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或集體,均已在文中作了明確的說(shuō)明并表示了謝意。 涉 密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。 關(guān)鍵詞: 平衡臂;單片機(jī);電機(jī);螺旋傳動(dòng) Design on Control System of the Balance Arm Based on Microcontroller Abstract When the weights placed in one end of the balance arm, the balance arm is bound to hang heavy objects on the one end of the tilt. Makes the balance arm to reach equilibrium, it is necessary to impose the intensity at the other end of the corresponding location of the balance arm. And this design is based on this principle. The design uses the principle to achieve the balance of the balance arm. In this design, 12C5A60S2 microcontroller and the ULN20xx chip drive motor rotation. Motor scripts end embedded in the thread, screw rotates the motor rotation, If the fixed motor, threaded rotary nut will move. Nut has a certain weight When the nut to move to a certain distance, the balance arm will be balance. This paper describes the internal structure of the singlechip and chip ULN20xx, and hardware circuit and software design and debugging process, and it gives the schematics, flowcharts, etc. It covers from requirements analysis, system design, programming, schematic diagram PCB diagram and the basic process of product development in the experimental plate welding system. This design has a certain significance crane tower crane unattended operation. Key Words: balance arm。 國(guó)內(nèi)外同類(lèi)研究概述 在生活中最常見(jiàn)的平衡臂的運(yùn)用是作為運(yùn)送物體的塔吊,塔吊是承受臂架拉繩及平衡臂拉繩傳來(lái)的上部荷載,并通過(guò)回轉(zhuǎn)塔架轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)、承座等的結(jié)構(gòu)部件式直接通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)傳遞給塔身結(jié)構(gòu)。 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容 本文研究的是基于單片機(jī)的平衡臂控制系統(tǒng), 主要是對(duì)塔吊平衡進(jìn)行模擬,通過(guò)單片機(jī)的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)其平衡。 方案 三 方案三采用的是杠桿原理,通過(guò)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)螺旋傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),若固定步進(jìn)電機(jī),則螺桿在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)在水平方向上就不會(huì)移動(dòng),螺桿一端鑲嵌有螺母,螺桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),螺母就會(huì)移動(dòng),當(dāng)兩邊力矩相同時(shí),平衡臂即可達(dá)到平衡 [5]。平衡臂的中端有一個(gè)軸承,該軸承與劃動(dòng)電阻器相連,當(dāng)平衡臂左右搖擺時(shí),電阻器上的滑片也相應(yīng)的改變位置。內(nèi)部集成 MAX810 專(zhuān)用復(fù)位電路, 2 路 PWM,8 路高速 10 位 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 (250K/S,即 25 萬(wàn)次 /秒 ),針對(duì)電機(jī)控制,強(qiáng)干擾場(chǎng)合。高128 字節(jié) RAM 只能間接尋址,特殊功能寄存器區(qū)只可直接尋址,其部分特點(diǎn): ( 1) 增強(qiáng)型 8051CPU, 1T,單時(shí)鐘 /機(jī)器周期,指令代碼完全兼容傳統(tǒng) 8051。 ( 9)外部高精度晶體 /時(shí)鐘,內(nèi)部 R/C 振蕩器 (溫漂為 177。 12C5A60S2 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) STC12C5A60S2 系列單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)框圖如下圖 2 所示。當(dāng) P2口作為輸入 /輸出口時(shí), P2是一個(gè) 8位準(zhǔn)雙向口 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) I/O 口 PORT3[0] RxD 串口 1 數(shù)據(jù)接收端 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) I/O 口 PORT3[1] TxD 串口 1 數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送端 XTAL1 19 內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘電路反相放大器輸入端,接外部晶振的 一個(gè)引腳。至于究竟是四線,五線,還是六線。中間那個(gè)表示電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子,左邊藍(lán)色的表示 A 線圈,上面紅色的表示 B 線圈,大家看到上面標(biāo)志中還有一些是打括號(hào)的,表示什么呢?就是說(shuō)這個(gè)接線是一開(kāi)始講到的 A’接線,跟剛剛講到的那個(gè) C 字母表示的接線其實(shí)