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套期保值策略與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理(完整版)

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【正文】 s to foreign locations or imports). Management will hedge out a minimum of 50% of the highly probable forecasted future foreign currency cash flow, on those occasions where the exposure exceeds at least $200,000 USD [or an amount in the reporting currency]. Speculative Trading Management may determine there are investment opportunities in potentially favorable foreign currency changes, although it must keep in mind that certain risks or certain costs are associated with speculative foreign currency trading. Management may enter into speculative trading such that the maximum cumulative loss that the pany will experience in any financial quarter will not exceed $15,000 USD [or an amount in the reporting currency]. 22 保值政策-示例 33 Reporting Management will prepare quarterly reports for the Board on the foreign currency exposure for balance sheets, anticipated cash flows, and speculative trading. These reports will include a summary of the results of the hedge trading over the quarter. Counterparty Risk (For a US example) USbased counterparties must have either a single A credit rating from a major credit rating agency or a minimum of $50 million in Excess Regulatory Capital, as defined in monthly reports to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Management will implement an Forex Hedging Policy that will include adequate procedures, limits, hedging timelines, authorized hedging products, hedging performance reporting guidelines, approval guidelines, exception polices, and internal controls. 23 方案設(shè)計(jì) ? 內(nèi)容: 保值品種及合約選擇 交割期選擇 保值方向 保值數(shù)量(上下限) 保值價格(區(qū)間) 保證金需求 結(jié)束交易的時間 ? 方案設(shè)計(jì)必須考慮企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承受能力(現(xiàn)金流、報(bào)表影響等)設(shè)置最大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)量 24 實(shí)施、監(jiān)控、優(yōu)化 ? 實(shí)施:一線人員的自由裁量權(quán) ? 監(jiān)控:完善的報(bào)告體系 ? 優(yōu)化:根據(jù)市場情況對原有方案的必要調(diào)整和優(yōu)化 25 效果評估 ? 目標(biāo)法 ?保值前設(shè)定明確目標(biāo),完成后看目標(biāo)是否實(shí)現(xiàn) ; ?目標(biāo)可以是相對的,也可以是絕對的 。套期保值計(jì)劃中明確擬保值的現(xiàn)貨品種、計(jì)劃數(shù)量,擬選擇的期貨品種、計(jì)劃數(shù)量和交易方向。 33 內(nèi)容 ?套期保值概念 ?套期保值策略與流程 ?套期保值管理 ?套期保值風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 34 保值業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 ? 法律法規(guī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 價格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(基差風(fēng)險(xiǎn)) ? 流動性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 現(xiàn)金流風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 35 法律法規(guī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 了解市場法規(guī)和規(guī)則 ? 經(jīng)紀(jì)公司合同審核與簽署 如: ISDA協(xié)議 ? 合規(guī)檢查 監(jiān)督遵守法律、法規(guī)及公司內(nèi)部保值業(yè)務(wù)管理制度執(zhí)行情況 36 信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 經(jīng)紀(jì)公司信用評估 ? 經(jīng)紀(jì)公司選擇 ? 經(jīng)紀(jì)公司交易限額管理 ? 在進(jìn)行 OTC交易時,信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理更加重要 37 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是保值業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的重點(diǎn),以前有過很多教訓(xùn) ? 定義:由不完善的內(nèi)部流程、員工、系統(tǒng)以及外部事件導(dǎo)致?lián)p失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 ? 要有應(yīng)急資金安排。 ? 基差的變化給保值者帶來了風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 39 流動性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? 指市場容量不足時無法按市場價格成交的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),即“有行無市”。 ? Coldelco的損失 – Juan Pablo Davila,聲稱他在 1993年 9月將賣出的指令當(dāng)成買入 – 當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤時已損失 4000萬美元 – 他試圖通過交易來挽回?fù)p失,結(jié)果損失更大 – 到他把信用額度用完,不得不報(bào)告時,損失達(dá)到 – 1994年
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