organizationalchangedevelopment英文版(完整版)
【正文】 o overe the pressures of both individual group conformity, ? implementation, equilibrium state ? Refreezing or institutionalization:stabilizing a change intervention by balancing. Sustained over time,prevent from being short lived reverting to the previous ? the analysis of driving forces: forces that direct behavior away from the status quo. constrainting forces: forces that hinder movement away achieved in 1 of the 3 ways,bine the 1st 2 to managing change (1)5steps Action research ? A change process based on systematic collection of data then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate ? diagnosis:gathering information about problems ? analysis:synthesized this information into primary concerns,problem areas, possible actions ? feedback:sharing with what has been found from ? action:carry out the specific action to correct ? evaluation:the effectiveness of the actions,using the initial data gathered as points of reference. Change issues in the 1990s (1) stimulating anizational innovation ? A new idea applied to initiating or improving a products, process or service ? structural variables:anic positively influence innovation。identifies processes that need improvement ? Team building:high interaction among team members to increase trust openness ? intergroup development:OD efforts to change the attitudes,stereotypes, perceptions that groups have of each oth
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