【正文】 anagement system 畜禽育種新技術(shù)研究 A. 畜禽快速、準(zhǔn)確、高效的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)研究 B. 分子標(biāo)記輔助育種技術(shù)的研究 C. 畜禽抗病遺傳規(guī)律及其鑒定技術(shù)的研究 D. 畜禽品質(zhì)遺傳規(guī)律和分析技術(shù)的研究 E. 畜禽誘變育種、細(xì)胞工程育種技術(shù)的研究。應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù)開(kāi)展草地資源調(diào)查 、雪災(zāi)、火災(zāi)和草地資源動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)。 Feed nutrient evaluation ?1958: Temporary feed analysis method ?1959: Chinese feed nutrient position table ?1984: Chinese feed database and information center in IAS/CAAS 飼料檢測(cè)技術(shù) ： 已建立飼料原料、飼料產(chǎn)品和部分飼料添加劑的常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分、微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分、毒素和特殊成分的檢測(cè)方法和檢測(cè)技術(shù)，形成了覆蓋全國(guó)的質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)體系。 目前豬的氟烷敏感基因分子診斷方法已被應(yīng)用于種豬選育與生產(chǎn) ， 雞的矮小基因已在配套系選育中發(fā)揮作用 ， 豬的高繁主基因 ， 豬 、 雞肉質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)基因或其分子標(biāo)記也已被應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物育種之中 ， 標(biāo)志著中國(guó)分子育種技術(shù)水平進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段 ?；久?qǐng)了全國(guó)大部地區(qū)的品種資源狀況，出版了中國(guó)豬、牛、羊、家禽、馬驢五部品種志，各省還分別編輯出版了地方品種志 。 Organization and staff members ? 125 regional and provincial independent institutes of animal science and 8145 staff ? 70 research departments within universities and colleges and 1226 staff . 經(jīng)費(fèi) 經(jīng)費(fèi)主要來(lái)源于政府財(cái)政撥款和非財(cái)政撥款 。技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)中國(guó)畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率 50% 。加強(qiáng)科技創(chuàng)新 引領(lǐng)畜牧未來(lái) Strengthen the Innovation of Science and Technology Drive the prosperous future of Animal Science 時(shí)建忠 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧研究所 Jianzhong Shi Director of Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100094, China 目 錄 Contents ? Current situation of animal science and technology in China ? Challenge and responsibility of animal science and technology ? Future direction and priority of animal science and technology 畜牧業(yè)在中國(guó)有悠久的歷史，早在新石器時(shí)代，人們就開(kāi)始馴養(yǎng)豬、雞、狗，但發(fā)展一直很慢。 ? Science and technology take great role in the rapid development of China’ s animal husbandry. ? Science and Technology Progress contributes 50% to the animal husbandry economic growth. ? Animal husbandry techniques including were highlighted as one of the greatest Scitech achievements of 1990’ s . 1 中國(guó)畜牧科技現(xiàn)狀 建立了一支適應(yīng)畜牧生產(chǎn)需要，中央、地方并舉，科 研、教學(xué)、企業(yè)結(jié)合的科技隊(duì)伍和科研機(jī)構(gòu) 畜牧科技工作隨畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，畜牧科技史 就是畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展史。 2023年科技經(jīng)費(fèi)投入 ，其中政府撥款，占總經(jīng)費(fèi)的 %。 ? 1995年：對(duì)西南、西北部的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)進(jìn)行了畜禽品種資源補(bǔ)充調(diào)查，歷時(shí) 4年，發(fā)現(xiàn)了 79個(gè)新遺傳資源群體。 Breeding theories and technology By using molecular marker and markerassisted selection (MAS) breeding technology, several genes have been selected, such as in reproduction and meat quality research. 繁殖技術(shù) 胚胎移植、體外授精、牛羊胚胎性別鑒定、核移植、顯微授精、單克隆抗體和核酸探針、胚胎細(xì)胞克隆、體細(xì)胞克隆等高技術(shù)研究達(dá)到了較高水平，為加快制種速度、加大供種力度提供了技術(shù)支撐。轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料的檢驗(yàn)方法的研究，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料的有效監(jiān)控 The technique of feed checking and analysis The methods and techniques has been set up for feed nutrient position of raw feed materials, feed products and some feed additives . Inspection for genemodified feed 飼料添加劑研制與應(yīng)用 ： 10多年前中國(guó)絕大多數(shù)飼料添加劑產(chǎn)品幾乎全部依賴進(jìn)口。 ?開(kāi)展草原火發(fā)生規(guī)律和草原火管理方面的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了無(wú)樹(shù)草原火周期研究方法， 解決了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)無(wú)樹(shù)草原只能根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)估測(cè)火周期的方法。 Study on the new breeding technology A. Rapid , accurate and highly efficient gene transfer B. Molecular marker breeding techniques C. The geic rule of animal antidisease and identification techniques D. The geic rule of quality and analysis techniques E. Induced mutation breeding and cell technology breeding techniques 高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、專用新品種（系）選育及配套系開(kāi)發(fā) 在種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新和育種技術(shù)升級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)上，培育出一批畜禽新品種（系）選育及配套系，使中國(guó)豬、禽飼養(yǎng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)良種化，豬、蛋雞、奶牛的生產(chǎn)性能達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。 Study on Animal Biotechnology A. The mechanism of transgenic animals and clone B. Somatic cell cloning and the key technique for transgenic animals C. Cattle and sheep embryo engineering and industrialization of somatic cell cloning techniques D. Techniques of sex control and embryo cell biology E. Transgenic pigs for the purpose of foreign an transplantation F. Specific expression of foreign gene in the mammary gland bioreactor 養(yǎng)殖技術(shù) 方向 ： ?通過(guò)智能化養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)的戶養(yǎng)模式技術(shù)升級(jí)，發(fā)展健康養(yǎng)殖和特色養(yǎng)殖 ?通過(guò)現(xiàn)代高新技術(shù)的集成推進(jìn)規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖升級(jí) ?建設(shè)高效率、高效益、優(yōu)質(zhì)化的現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖業(yè)體系 Study on the feeding technology Direction ? To prompt the traditional feeding techniques updating by using intelligent feeding techniques ?To develop the healthy and specific feeding system ?To improve the intensive feeding by integrating modern HighTech ?To build up the modern feeding system with highly efficiency, economic and quality 重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容 畜禽規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖技術(shù)研究 ? 動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝規(guī)律與調(diào)控 ? 環(huán)境融合型新飼料添加劑研制 ? 新型飼料原料資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用技術(shù) ? 畜禽產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全控制技術(shù) ? 飼料安全評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)警體系研究等 ? 節(jié)能節(jié)水型畜牧養(yǎng)殖技術(shù) ? 產(chǎn)品特色風(fēng)味及其形成規(guī)律與技術(shù) .2 Major point Study on intensive feeding techniques ?Mechanism of animal nutrition metabolism and regulation ?Study on th