【正文】 歷史回顧 1904：成立北洋馬醫(yī)學(xué)堂，改良馬和培養(yǎng)獸醫(yī) 1906：成立中央農(nóng)事實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)，開展畜牧科研工作 1912：設(shè)立第一、二、三種畜飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)，開展種畜改良工作。s Horse Hospital Medical School 1906: National central Agricultural Farm 1912: The first three Breeding Stock Farm 1931: Department of animal and veterinary science of the general institute of China Agricultural Research 1933: The general breeding farm 1941: The general institute of animal Science 1957: Institute of Animal Science, CAAS ?中國畜牧科研資源集中分布于各類研究與開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)和高等院校。從業(yè)人員 8145人。 Organization and staff members ? 125 regional and provincial independent institutes of animal science and 8145 staff ? 70 research departments within universities and colleges and 1226 staff . 經(jīng)費(fèi) 經(jīng)費(fèi)主要來源于政府財(cái)政撥款和非財(cái)政撥款 。 Funding Support Government support and non Government source In 2023, 489 million yuan(RMB) was input to SciTch research, among which there are % came from government side . 科技計(jì)劃 ?畜牧科技計(jì)劃有 20多個(gè)，涉及科技部、農(nóng)業(yè)部、財(cái)政部、發(fā)展計(jì)劃與改革委員會(huì)、教育部、國家自然基金委員會(huì)等國家多個(gè)部委。 ? SciTech Plans ? More than 20 specific Animal SciTech Plans, sponsored made by MOST, MOA, MOF, NDRF, MOE, NNSFC, etc ? Major SciTech Plans are 973, 863, 948, NNSF, Public benefit and service, National SciTech project, etc 取得了大批科技成果，展現(xiàn)中國畜牧科技實(shí)力 1949年以來，全國累計(jì)取得畜牧類重要科技成果 2023 多項(xiàng) ,其中獲省部級(jí)以上獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的重大科技成果 1100余項(xiàng)。 Fruitful animal SciTech achievements More than 2023 items of animal SciTech achievements throughout China since 1949, among which 1100 items were awarded at ministry level. China has the priority in the following areas: ? Fine breeds ,like China Merino Sheep and leantype pig breeds ? Effective animal epidemic disease Control System ? Feed and Feeing standard and evaluation system 資源調(diào)查 ? 50年代：開始畜禽品種資源調(diào)查?；久?qǐng)了全國大部地區(qū)的品種資源狀況，出版了中國豬、牛、羊、家禽、馬驢五部品種志，各省還分別編輯出版了地方品種志 。 Animal geic resources Identification and investigation ? 1950s, small scale investigation of animal breeds ? 19761985, finished editing China swine, bovine, sheep, poultry and horse breeds based on the national scale investigation of animal breeds ? 19951999, 79 new geic accessions were discovered in southwest and northwest area. 根據(jù)歷次品種資源調(diào)查及 “國家畜禽品種審定委員會(huì)”的審核，到 2023年中國畜禽遺傳資源有 20個(gè)物種， 576個(gè)品種和類群，其中地方品種（類群）為 426個(gè)，培育品種有 73個(gè)，引進(jìn)品種有 77個(gè) By 2023, China has: More than 20 domestic animal species and 576 cultivars ?426 Local breeds ?73 cultivate breeds ?77 imported breeds 保護(hù)和利用 ? 開展了畜禽遺傳資源保護(hù)方法與技術(shù)的研究，建立了活體（原地和異地）、胚胎、細(xì)胞、基因保存多種形式并存的較為完善的保存體系。 ? 畜禽遺傳資源平臺(tái)的建設(shè)也取得了重大進(jìn)展，畜禽種質(zhì)資源的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、收集標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、描述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、數(shù)據(jù)整理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范等已經(jīng)制訂完成。目前，中國豬、奶牛的良種覆蓋率分別達(dá)到 97%、 73%，蛋雞和白羽肉雞基本實(shí)現(xiàn)良種化。 目前豬的氟烷敏感基因分子診斷方法已被應(yīng)用于種豬選育與生產(chǎn) ， 雞的矮小基因已在配套系選育中發(fā)揮作用 ， 豬的高繁主基因 ， 豬 、 雞肉質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)基因或其分子標(biāo)記也已被應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物育種之中 ， 標(biāo)志著中國分子育種技術(shù)水平進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段 。特別是人工授精、胚胎移植技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用，為品種改良發(fā)揮了重要作用。 Animal nutrition and feed science Feeding standards Since 1970s, the research of animal nutrient requirements has been focused on swine, chick, bovine and sheep nutrition, and the feeding standards were issued accordingly. Feeding standards offered the technical support and guidance for the rapid development of feed industry. 飼料營養(yǎng)價(jià)值評(píng)定 ： 1958年，制訂了“暫行飼料分析法”。中國飼料營養(yǎng)成分表 187。 Feed nutrient evaluation ?1958: Temporary feed analysis method ?1959: Chinese feed nutrient position table ?1984: Chinese feed database and information center in IAS/CAAS 飼料檢測(cè)技術(shù) ： 已建立飼料原料、飼料產(chǎn)品和部分飼料添加劑的常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分、微量營養(yǎng)成分、毒素和特殊成分的檢測(cè)方法和檢測(cè)技術(shù)，形成了覆蓋全國的質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)體系。目前所有維生素產(chǎn)品都已國產(chǎn)化 ,而且部分產(chǎn)品大量出口。近年來新開發(fā)出益生素、寡糖、酶制劑、酸化劑、肽、免疫增強(qiáng)劑、植物提取物等添加劑。其中，新育成的 108個(gè)，地方品種 40個(gè)，引進(jìn)品種 76個(gè)，野生馴化 28個(gè)。應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù)開展草地資源調(diào)查 、雪災(zāi)、火災(zāi)和草地資源動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)。 Grassland improvement ? Study for Complementary techniques in grassland improvement ? Application of Remote Sensing Techniques in investigation and dynamic inspect of germplasm resources, natural disaster. ? Establishment and management of artificial pastures 科技創(chuàng)新，支撐了畜牧業(yè)高速發(fā)展 76506125286022432845919010002023300040005000600070008000肉 蛋 奶 年產(chǎn)量（萬噸）2023 2023meat egg milk SciTech renovation supports a highly grow rate of animal husbandry Sustainable development of animal husbandry Yield/year 10,000 tons 024681012141619802023年遞增 率糧食肉類蛋類養(yǎng)殖水產(chǎn)品Aquatic products Crop Egg Grow rate 畜牧業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)布局逐步優(yōu)