【正文】 用的東西。圖41電氣原理圖 編程軟件編程軟件采用三菱公司為其生產(chǎn)的PLC而設(shè)計(jì)的編程軟件GX Developer 。失壓保護(hù)：就是當(dāng)電源停電或者由于某種原因電源電壓降低過多(欠壓)時(shí)，保護(hù)裝置能使電動(dòng)機(jī)自動(dòng)從電源上切除。除了能完成接觸和分?jǐn)嚯娐吠?，尚能?duì)電路或電氣設(shè)備發(fā)生的短路．嚴(yán)重過載及欠電壓等進(jìn)行保護(hù)，同時(shí)也可以用于不頻繁地啟動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。接觸器由電磁系統(tǒng)（鐵心，靜鐵心，電磁線圈）觸頭系統(tǒng)（常開觸頭和常閉觸頭）和滅弧裝置組成。在高頻應(yīng)用場合，如果同時(shí)需要驅(qū)動(dòng)大負(fù)載，可以加其他設(shè)備（如中間繼電器，固態(tài)繼電器等）方式驅(qū)動(dòng)。繼電器的負(fù)載電流比較大可以達(dá)到2A。I / O 接口的類型：開關(guān)量輸入/輸出接口模擬量輸入/輸出接口輸入/輸出（I/O）點(diǎn)數(shù)：PLC的I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)是指PLC的I/O接口所能接受的輸入信號(hào)個(gè)數(shù)和輸出信號(hào)個(gè)數(shù)的總和。同時(shí)PLC還提供了高精度的時(shí)鐘脈沖，用于準(zhǔn)確實(shí)時(shí)控制。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)者不僅應(yīng)該使控制系統(tǒng)簡單、經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且要使控制系統(tǒng)的使用和維護(hù)方便、成本低，不宜盲目追求自動(dòng)化和高指標(biāo)。因此，在設(shè)計(jì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循以下基本原則：1. 最大限度地滿足被控對(duì)象的控制要求充分發(fā)揮PLC的功能，最大限度地滿足被控對(duì)象的控制要求，是設(shè)計(jì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的首要前提，這也是設(shè)計(jì)中最重要的一條原則。工作原理：本機(jī)控制單元采用以三菱公司的可編程控制器為核心對(duì)機(jī)器進(jìn)行全過程控制。它具有功能強(qiáng)大、使用可靠、維修簡單等許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并且在很多地方已逐步取代了繼電器電路的邏輯控制。 本課題設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們生活水平的提高，人們可以花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來改善自己的飲食，許多場合都將用到啤酒,而且這個(gè)市場也越來越大，所以生產(chǎn)啤酒及保鮮的桶也將隨之增漲,因而對(duì)于啤酒桶的清洗也是一次重要工種和很大的市場。PLC是繼電器邏輯控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展而來，所以它在數(shù)學(xué)處理、順序控制方面具有一定優(yōu)勢。本文討論的是PLC在實(shí)際工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。啤酒清洗灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘 要本設(shè)備是專為啤酒桶的清洗、消毒設(shè)計(jì)的。關(guān)鍵詞： ＰＬＣ ；管路系統(tǒng)； 清洗機(jī)Beer Cleaning Filling Control System DesignAbstractThis equipment designed for cleaning and sterilizing casks. The equipment is automatic. The key processes contain discharging remnants, swilling with water, swilling with disinfectant, swilling with aseptic water and inflating with CO2. The height of cask is 360— diameter is 250—500. The equipment is made of chassis, control unit, electromagnetic valve and piping. The center of manipulative unit is the MITSUBISHI PLC. PLC controls all of the running processes. Applied meaning that programmable logic controller have in its control the aspect in the industry gradually obvious, bine at manufacture，generate electricity, chemical engineering, electronics etc profession craft the equipment39。 因而對(duì)于啤酒桶的清洗也是一次重要工種和很大的市場,本設(shè)備就是在這種情況下萌生的設(shè)計(jì)。繼電器在控制系統(tǒng)中主要起兩種作用：（1）邏輯運(yùn)算（2）弱電控制強(qiáng)電。本設(shè)備就是在這種情況下萌生的設(shè)計(jì),既然是將投入應(yīng)用,同樣是清洗消毒的設(shè)備,那就要考慮其性能比,這就要求其在保證功能和質(zhì)量的前提下,所需費(fèi)用要有優(yōu)勢，本設(shè)備采用PLC全程控制，所用的材料都考慮了使用條件和范圍以及所需費(fèi)用,其工作過程為桶定位—排殘酒—清水清洗—?dú)鉀_—消毒液清洗——?dú)鉀_—無菌水清洗——?dú)鉀_——CO2備壓—停止，操作簡單,效率高,易于大規(guī)模和單個(gè)用戶使用。本文討論的是PLC在實(shí)際工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。主要工作過程為桶定位—排殘酒—清水清洗—?dú)鉀_—消毒液清洗——?dú)鉀_—無菌水清洗——?dú)鉀_——CO2備壓—停止。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)人員在設(shè)計(jì)前就要深入現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，收集控制現(xiàn)場的資料，收集相關(guān)先進(jìn)的國內(nèi)、國外資料。4. 適應(yīng)發(fā)展的需要由于技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，控制系統(tǒng)的要求也將會(huì)不斷地提高，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要適當(dāng)考慮到今后控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展和完善的需要。 計(jì)數(shù)控制功能是PLC的最基本功能之一。本次設(shè)計(jì)的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)需要8個(gè)輸入點(diǎn)，11個(gè)輸出點(diǎn)。同時(shí)與負(fù)載類型有關(guān)。綜上所述：啤酒清洗機(jī)控制采用三菱公司的FX2N系列整體式PLC。其原理是當(dāng)接觸器的電磁線圈通電后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的磁場，使靜鐵心產(chǎn)生電磁吸力吸引銜鐵，并帶動(dòng)觸頭動(dòng)作：常閉觸頭斷開；常開觸頭閉合，兩者是聯(lián)動(dòng)的。圖3 5空氣開關(guān) 保護(hù)措施/繼電器繼電器是一種電控制器件。因?yàn)楫?dāng)失壓或欠壓時(shí)，接觸器線圈電流將消失或減小，失去電磁力或電磁力不足以吸住動(dòng)鐵心，因而能斷開主觸頭，切斷電源。適用于Q、QnU、QS、QnA、AnS、AnA、FX等全系列可編程控制器。撇開專業(yè)知識(shí)不談，就設(shè)計(jì)所需的軟件工具，有很多我都不會(huì)運(yùn)用，在一番摸索和請(qǐng)教中，終于我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)也接近完成。這才發(fā)現(xiàn)書本上的東西如果沒有輔助的技能是發(fā)揮不出來很大的作用的。 the operation that list depends the artificial has already can39。 The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine。t give the superior reply。t prehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption pletely also, we do a very small example to explain.Each equipments always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, that is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing plete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to pute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some datas of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating highspeed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.You heard too many this phrases perhaps: crash, the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can39。單靠人工的操作已不能滿足于目前的制造業(yè)前景,也無法保證更高質(zhì)量的要求和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)的形象.人們?cè)谏a(chǎn)實(shí)踐中看到,自動(dòng)化給人們帶來了極大的便利和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量上的保證,同時(shí)也減輕了人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,、整體優(yōu)化、最佳決策等,熟練的操作工、技術(shù)人員或?qū)＜?、管理者卻能夠容易判斷和操作,、模擬這些智能行為,通過人腦與計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)工作,以人機(jī)結(jié)合的模式,為解決十分復(fù)雜的問題尋找最佳的途徑我們?cè)诟鞣N場合看到了繼電器連接的控制，那已經(jīng)是時(shí)代的過去，如今的繼電器只能作為低端的基層控制模塊或者簡單的設(shè)備中使用到；而PLC的出現(xiàn)也成為了劃時(shí)代的主題，通過極其穩(wěn)定的硬件穿插靈活的軟件控制，使得自動(dòng)化走向了新的高潮。t send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can39。 But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can39。t guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also e