【正文】 l unit, electromagnetic valve and piping. The center of manipulative unit is the MITSUBISHI PLC. PLC controls all of the running processes. Applied meaning that programmable logic controller have in its control the aspect in the industry gradually obvious, bine at manufacture，generate electricity, chemical engineering, electronics etc profession craft the equipment39。桶裝啤酒目前包裝容器一般采用不銹鋼桶或不銹鋼內(nèi)膽、帶保溫層的保鮮桶，桶的規(guī)格有50L、30L、20L、10L、5L等。 因而對(duì)于啤酒桶的清洗也是一次重要工種和很大的市場(chǎng),本設(shè)備就是在這種情況下萌生的設(shè)計(jì)。而且其影響也越來越大，應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛。繼電器在控制系統(tǒng)中主要起兩種作用：（1）邏輯運(yùn)算（2）弱電控制強(qiáng)電。 、抗干擾能力強(qiáng) 、安裝容易，維護(hù)工作量少 、通用性好 ，成功率高 ，重量輕、功耗底等特點(diǎn)。本設(shè)備就是在這種情況下萌生的設(shè)計(jì),既然是將投入應(yīng)用,同樣是清洗消毒的設(shè)備,那就要考慮其性能比,這就要求其在保證功能和質(zhì)量的前提下,所需費(fèi)用要有優(yōu)勢(shì)，本設(shè)備采用PLC全程控制，所用的材料都考慮了使用條件和范圍以及所需費(fèi)用,其工作過程為桶定位—排殘酒—清水清洗—?dú)鉀_—消毒液清洗——?dú)鉀_—無菌水清洗——?dú)鉀_——CO2備壓—停止，操作簡(jiǎn)單,效率高,易于大規(guī)模和單個(gè)用戶使用。本機(jī)主要由機(jī)架、電氣控制箱、電磁閥、氣動(dòng)元件、氣沖系統(tǒng)和水路系統(tǒng)組成。本文討論的是PLC在實(shí)際工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。 清洗機(jī)的用途特點(diǎn) 圖2 1清洗機(jī) 本設(shè)備是專為啤酒保鮮容器（包括不銹鋼、塑料保鮮桶及扎啤桶）的清洗、消毒設(shè)計(jì)的。主要工作過程為桶定位—排殘酒—清水清洗—?dú)鉀_—消毒液清洗——?dú)鉀_—無菌水清洗——?dú)鉀_——CO2備壓—停止。（3）為保證出酒壓力和酒液品質(zhì)，最后應(yīng)進(jìn)行CO2備壓。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)人員在設(shè)計(jì)前就要深入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，收集控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的資料，收集相關(guān)先進(jìn)的國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外資料。例如：應(yīng)該保證PLC程序不僅在正常條件下運(yùn)行，而且在非正常情況下（如突然掉電再上電、按鈕按錯(cuò)等），也能正常工作。4. 適應(yīng)發(fā)展的需要由于技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，控制系統(tǒng)的要求也將會(huì)不斷地提高，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要適當(dāng)考慮到今后控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展和完善的需要。定時(shí)控制功能是PLC的最基本功能之一。 計(jì)數(shù)控制功能是PLC的最基本功能之一。PLC輸入接口用戶設(shè)備需輸入PLC的各種控制信號(hào)，如限位開關(guān)、操作按鈕、選擇開關(guān)、行程開關(guān)以及其它一些傳感器輸出的開關(guān)量或模擬量(要通過模數(shù)變換進(jìn)入機(jī)內(nèi))等，通過輸入接口電路將這些信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成中央處理單元能夠接收和處理的信號(hào)，用這些數(shù)據(jù)作為PLC對(duì)被控制對(duì)象進(jìn)行控制的依據(jù)。本次設(shè)計(jì)的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)需要8個(gè)輸入點(diǎn)，11個(gè)輸出點(diǎn)。它是無觸點(diǎn)元件。同時(shí)與負(fù)載類型有關(guān)。晶體管是電子原件只有老化，沒有使用壽命限制。綜上所述：啤酒清洗機(jī)控制采用三菱公司的FX2N系列整體式PLC。電磁閥可以配合不同的電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的控制，而控制的精度和靈活性都能夠保證。其原理是當(dāng)接觸器的電磁線圈通電后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng)，使靜鐵心產(chǎn)生電磁吸力吸引銜鐵，并帶動(dòng)觸頭動(dòng)作：常閉觸頭斷開；常開觸頭閉合，兩者是聯(lián)動(dòng)的。CTR的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是顯示面積大，效率高。圖3 5空氣開關(guān) 保護(hù)措施/繼電器繼電器是一種電控制器件。過載保護(hù)：就是當(dāng)電源停電或者由于某種原因電源電壓降低過多(欠壓)時(shí)，保護(hù)裝置能使電動(dòng)機(jī)自動(dòng)從電源上切除。因?yàn)楫?dāng)失壓或欠壓時(shí)，接觸器線圈電流將消失或減小，失去電磁力或電磁力不足以吸住動(dòng)鐵心，因而能斷開主觸頭，切斷電源。 線圈保護(hù)裝置清洗機(jī)的排水、進(jìn)水電磁閥是一個(gè)很重要的部件，它的負(fù)擔(dān)很重、受力很大，由于它是雙線圈電磁閥，通過機(jī)械觸點(diǎn)進(jìn)行切換，在此過程中，觸點(diǎn)間存在較為嚴(yán)重的大火現(xiàn)象，因此，觸電的燒傷、電腐蝕在所難免，損壞的幾率是比較大的。適用于Q、QnU、QS、QnA、AnS、AnA、FX等全系列可編程控制器。在設(shè)計(jì)之初，我查詢了大量有關(guān)啤酒桶清洗的資料。撇開專業(yè)知識(shí)不談，就設(shè)計(jì)所需的軟件工具，有很多我都不會(huì)運(yùn)用，在一番摸索和請(qǐng)教中，終于我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)也接近完成。在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)程中，我仔細(xì)梳理了所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)，結(jié)通過實(shí)際的應(yīng)用，更加牢固的掌握了它們，也學(xué)習(xí)到很多書本上所沒有的知識(shí)，如，一個(gè)系統(tǒng)好，但廠家不一定會(huì)用最好的，而是用性價(jià)比最高的，或者說最能讓他們利益最大化的那個(gè)，我們說設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)，大多都脫離實(shí)際更貼近理想化。這才發(fā)現(xiàn)書本上的東西如果沒有輔助的技能是發(fā)揮不出來很大的作用的。另外要感謝我的指導(dǎo)老師，在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中給了我很大的幫助，讓我感觸最深的是老師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)作風(fēng)。 the operation that list depends the artificial has already can39。s brain and calculators, with the mode that person39。 The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine。s power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think 176。t give the superior reply。 But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in can39。t prehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption pletely also, we do a very small example to explain.Each equipments always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, that is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing plete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to pute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some datas of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating highspeed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high on