【正文】
important roles on the adjustment of economic structure, development of market economy and changing about economic system steers to more efficient marketbased model. This article, which located on foreign exchange management, summarizes the problems such as financial crisis, foreign exchange market and the formation mechanism of exchange rate, capital project management and foreign exchange reserves management through analysis the concept, content and significance of foreign exchange management bined with the four influence paths such as exchange and foreign trade, speculative money, investment and financial market, and industrial linkage. Through the further discussion of external restriction factor, management method, structural differences and management challenges that foreign exchange management faces, the paper makes clear the optimization direction of foreign exchange management. In this premise, the article proposes that the foreign exchange management should set out from perfecting early warning system, optimizing the foreign exchange market and exchange rate mechanism, reforming capital project management and strengthening the management of foreign exchange reserves, only in this way, could strengthen the efficiency and effect of foreign exchange management, and guarantee the economic to develop stability and sustainably.Keywords:Financial crisis。 Foreign exchange management。金融危機(jī)的發(fā)生與發(fā)展對包括中國經(jīng)濟(jì)在內(nèi)的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的影響,在金融危機(jī)尚未完全平息之際,如何提高我國應(yīng)對金融危機(jī)的能力,保障我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的穩(wěn)定、可持續(xù)發(fā)展就顯得尤為重要。從歷史發(fā)展看,外匯管理往往是同一國的國際貿(mào)易政策相配合,成為保護(hù)和促進(jìn)對外貿(mào)易的重要手段,特別是發(fā)展中國家的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易,最容易受到國際主要貨幣匯率波動的直接沖擊,某些行業(yè)甚至因此被徹底摧毀。外匯管理可以在本幣和外幣之間設(shè)立必要的防險屏障,弱化貨幣替代效應(yīng),維持本幣幣值穩(wěn)定,有利于增強(qiáng)本國財政政策和貨幣政策的獨(dú)立性與有效性。由于金融危機(jī)的影響,美國的貨幣匯率大幅下降。近幾年來,隨著我國對外開放程度的進(jìn)一步加深,以及我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展和人民幣的匯率制度改革措施,為了在匯市、房市、股市中獲得豐厚的利潤,眾多海外熱錢紛紛涌入我國,但此次美國次貸危機(jī)的爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致這些國外熱錢的流向發(fā)生了微妙變化,部分熱錢出現(xiàn)回流現(xiàn)象,使我國的資本市場波動較大,并也從一定程度上影響了我國的匯率水平。這對于對供應(yīng)商來說意味著存貨超過正常水平,需要縮減生產(chǎn),反過來又會進(jìn)一步減少消費(fèi)需求,如此循環(huán)反復(fù)會把更多的產(chǎn)業(yè)和行業(yè)卷入危機(jī)。另外,我國資本項(xiàng)目外匯管理還存在以下問題:現(xiàn)行資本項(xiàng)目外匯賬戶管理存在漏洞,導(dǎo)致資本賬戶資金混入經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行結(jié)匯;現(xiàn)行資本賬戶外匯管理基本采用行政審批、額度等手段,經(jīng)濟(jì)手段很少采用,管制的成本增大,管制的效率降低;統(tǒng)計信息不夠透明,國內(nèi)外對我國資本賬戶開放度的判斷不一等。隨著我國金融服務(wù)業(yè)按照既定承諾不斷開放,境內(nèi)外關(guān)聯(lián)金融機(jī)構(gòu)與跨國公司內(nèi)部的資本流動的渠道和形式愈加復(fù)雜,外匯管理的有效性受到嚴(yán)重制約。我國對資本跨境流動的交易和匯兌通常是分開管理的,交易環(huán)節(jié)一般由產(chǎn)業(yè)或者行業(yè)主管部門負(fù)責(zé),而匯兌管理環(huán)節(jié)由外匯管理部門負(fù)責(zé)。完善我國外匯市場和人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制對于穩(wěn)定我國的金融市場意義重大。二是要調(diào)整匯率政策、偏向出口導(dǎo)向的外貿(mào)政策,以及外商投資政策,從源頭上主動遏制外匯儲備的過快增長,減少對外匯儲備管理所帶來的壓力。其次,在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中,同學(xué)也給予我很大的幫助,他們與我共同研究,收集資料,尋求最佳滿意方案。努力過后,才知道許多事情,堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持,就過來了。歲月是有情的,假如你奉獻(xiàn)給她的是一些色彩,它奉獻(xiàn)給你的也是一些色彩。1. 若不給自己設(shè)限,則人生中就沒有限制你發(fā)揮的藩籬。