【正文】 opulation, it provided important service such as building By recruiting unemployed young men for its auxiliary units, the army made it possible for them to stay in their home towns and provide financial support for their families(細節(jié)，對嗎？ ) Large quantities of cash from soldiers39。s auxiliary regiments of the Roman army? ○Membership in these regiments reached its highest point during the reign of the emperor Hadrian（ H的時間不在 peak 范圍內） ○Most of the units recruited in Britain were sent to Morocco and other stations outside Europe （ most） ○Soldiers served in the regiments for many years and after retirement gengerally stayed where they had been stationed（此題提到兩個去處，選項只提到一個） ○Most of the regiments stationed on the frontier were new units transferred from a neighboring province（ Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever ） 10According to paragraph 4, all of the following changes could be seen in the frontier garrisons by the later Roman period EXCEPT ○Membership in the units passed from father to son（ service in units became effectively hereditary） ○Fewer soldiers were stationed at the forts（ only rarely transferred） ○Soldiers usually were not transferred to different locations （ only rarely transferred） ○Frontier units became more effective and proficient （ were no longer populated or maintained at full strength 與 proficient 相反） 第四段 The army also provided a means of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment.【軍隊對個人改善，承接結婚？】 Such units recruited on an ad hoc (as needed) basis from the area in which they were stationed, and there was evidently largescale recruitment within Britain. 【招募的地方】 The total numbers were at least 12,500 men up to the reign of the emperor Hadrian (. 117138), with a peak around . 80.【招募的人數(shù)， peak】 Although a small proportion of the total population, this perhaps had a massive local impact when a large proportion of the young men were removed from an area. 【巨大影響】 Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. 【解釋巨大影響，遣散的對象去處 1 回家】 Most units raised in Britain went elsewhere on the European continent, although one is recorded in Morocco. 【 2 其他地方】 The reverse process brought young men to Britain, where many continued to live after their 20 to 25 years of service, and this added to the cosmopolitan Roman character of the frontier population.【去其他的士兵的影響】 By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.【羅馬后期的，壁壘的變化】 auxiliary adj. 輔助的 , 補充的 。 ，對象不對，原文中不是針對 local population） ○It created discontent and made continuing military occupation necessary（ so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and anize government. ） ○It required local labor to construct forts and feed and exercise the soldiers39。 TPO19 閱讀 The Roman Army39。 animals.（無） ○It provied local leaders with opportunities to participate in governance（反） 4The wordsuppress in the passage is closet in the meaning to ○respond to ○warn against ○avoid the impact of ○stop by force 鎮(zhèn)壓反叛，就是暴力停止 （第一段，結構分析 In the wake of the Roman Empire39。 備用的 on an ad hoc basis (as needed) regiment n. (軍隊的 )團；大量的人或物 vt. 嚴格地管制 。 pay stimulated development, but also drove up prives, making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services(錯誤 ) Though the army appropriated land and some goods, it also paid for many supplies, stimulating local economic growth 經(jīng)濟 The forts contributed to the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who brought with them new skills and techniques（細節(jié)） Roman soldiers started families with local inhabitants, and over the generations, the military munity became a stable part of British 口 Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems In the late nieenth century, ecology began to grow into an independent science from its roots in natural history and plant geography. The emphasis of this new munity ecology was on the position and structure of munities consisting of different species. In the early twentieth century, the American ecologist Frederic Clements pointed out that a succession of plant munities would develop after a disturbance such as a volcanic eruption, heavy flood, or forest fire. An abandoned field, for instance, will be invaded successively by herbaceous plants (plants with little or no woody tissue), shrubs, and trees, eventually being a forest. Lightloving species are always among the first invaders, while shadetolerant species appear later in the succession. Clements and other early ecologists saw almost lawlike regularity in the order of succession, but that has not been substantiated. A general trend can be recognized, but the details are usually unpredictable. Succession is influenced by many factors: the nature of the soil, exposure to sun and wind, regularity of precipitation, chance colonizations, and many other random processes. The final stage of a succession, called the climax by Clements and early ecologists, is likewise not predictable or of uniform position. There is usually a good deal of turnover in species position, even in a mature munity. The nature of the climax is influenced by the same factors that influenced succession. Nevertheless, mature natural environments are u