【正文】 substantial spending power. Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. Its large population needed food and other supplies. Some of these were certainly brought from long distances, but demands were inevitably placed on the local area. Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy. When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied。 TPO19 閱讀 The Roman Army39。 otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty. Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead. Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas. Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. The pool of excess cash rapidly stimulated a thriving economy outside fort gates. Some of the demand for the services and goods was no doubt fulfilled by people drawn from far afield, but some local people certainly became entwined in this new economy. There was informal marriage with soldiers, who until AD 197 were not legally entitled to wed, and whole new munities grew up near the forts. These settlements acted like small towns, being centers for the artisan and trading populations. The army also provided a means of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. Such units recruited on an ad hoc (as needed) basis from the area in which they were stationed, and there was evidently largescale recruitment within Britain. The total numbers were at least 12,500 men up to the reign of the emperor Hadrian (. 117138), with a peak around . 80. Although a small proportion of the total population, this perhaps had a massive local impact when a large proportion of the young men were removed from an area. Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. Most units raised in Britain went elsewhere on the European continent, although one is recorded in Morocco. The reverse process brought young men to Britain, where many continued to live after their 20 to 25 years of service, and this added to the cosmopolitan Roman character of the frontier population. By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength. This process of settling in as a munity over several generations, bined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century . The circumstances that had allowed natives to bee Romanized also led the selfsustaining military munity of the frontier area to bee effectively British. paragraph 1【 In the wake of the Roman Empire39。 animals.（無） ○It provied local leaders with opportunities to participate in governance（反） 4The wordsuppress in the passage is closet in the meaning to ○respond to ○warn against ○avoid the impact of ○stop by force 鎮(zhèn)壓反叛，就是暴力停止 （第一段，結(jié)構(gòu)分析 In the wake of the Roman Empire39。 otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty 的精確改寫 ） ○provide evidence that Roman soldiers had a negative effect on the local area by performing jobs that had been performed by native workers（ negative 錯，從下一句，可以推斷是正面作用） ○argue that the soldiers would have been better employed in the construction of infrastructure such as roads（ better 無中生有） 第二段 Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. 【承接上文，經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，并且用 substantial spending power 說明原因】 Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. 【分支 P 那兩個】 Its large population needed food and other supplies.【第一個影響，人口 食品和其他供給】 Some of these were certainly brought from long distances, but demands were inevitably placed on the local area.【兩個供給，遠(yuǎn)程和當(dāng)?shù)亍? Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy.【當(dāng)?shù)毓┙o方式，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)改變】 When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied。 備用的 on an ad hoc basis (as needed) regiment n. (軍隊的 )團(tuán)；大量的人或物 vt. 嚴(yán)格地管制 。 otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty. ■ Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead. Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas. 13Look at the four squares[■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage One solution was to keep them busy as sources of labor （ solution 對應(yīng)問題，從 When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied。 pay stimulated development, but also drove up prives, making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services(錯誤 ) Though the army appropriated land and some goods, it also paid for many supplies, stimulating local economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì) The forts contributed to the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who brought with them new skills and techniques（細(xì)節(jié)