【正文】 余，他接受了為弗吉尼亞市《領(lǐng)土開發(fā)報》當記者的工作，這一行動將獲得文學(xué)界永久的感激。這時，馬克?吐溫便離開了密西西比河流域。他完全地投身到這種生活之中，經(jīng)常在操舵室里聽著人們談?wù)撁耖g爭斗、海盜搶劫、私刑案件、游醫(yī)賣藥以及河邊的一些化外民居的故事。s heart. Keelboats ， flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major merce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country。s bestloved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多數(shù)美國人的心目中，馬克?吐溫是位偉大作家，他描寫了哈克?費恩永恒的童年時代中充滿詩情畫意的旅程和湯姆?索亞在漫長的夏日里自由自在歷險探奇的故事。的確，這位美國最受人喜愛的作家的探索精神、愛國熱情、浪漫氣質(zhì)及幽默筆調(diào)都達到了登峰造極的程度。 sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 185039。所有這一切，連同他那像留聲機般準確可靠的記憶所吸收的豐富多彩的語言，后來都有機會在他的作品中得以再現(xiàn)。他在南方邦聯(lián)游擊隊的一支雜牌隊伍里當了兩個星期的兵。From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.　　自從他因淘金失敗而感到心灰意冷之后，馬克?吐溫便開始努力博取作為一名報社記者和幽默作家的地區(qū)性聲望。“這兒的人們真是了不起——因為那些笨手笨腳、無精打彩、呆頭呆腦的懶漢都呆在家里……正是那些人們?yōu)榧永Ｄ醽嗂A得了這樣的聲譽：當他們著手進行一項宏偉的事業(yè)時，他們會不計代價或風(fēng)險而以一種豪邁的氣概和闖勁勇往直前，一千到底?！盧etold with his descriptive genius, the story was printed in newspapers across the United States and became known as The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. Mark Twain39。如果讀者們期望能讀到有關(guān)這次旅行見聞的神采飛揚的描寫的話，那他們是要倍感意外的。兩年后，他又將主人公的名字改為湯姆，并著手將故事改編成劇本。 it don39。在《湯姆?索亞》第六章里，他引出了“村里的流浪少年，鎮(zhèn)上酒鬼的兒子哈克貝利?費恩”。他說：“我們只消偶爾地躺下來好好放松休息一下，保持鋒棱利角，我們將有可能成為一個多么朝氣蓬勃的民族，一個多么富有思想的民族啊!”Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12。The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end. Dictating his autobiography late in life, he mented with a crushing sense of despair on men39?！盌evices of figurationMetaphorMark Twain Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation39。s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer39。 where they achieved nothing。 the death of his son, Langdon, at 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis, Mrs. Clemens succumbed to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter. Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub.　　馬克?吐溫的一生都籠罩在悲劇的陰影之中，自己的親人一個接一個地去世：他的父親在他十二歲那年死于肺炎，他的兄弟亨利在一次汽船爆炸事故中遇難；他的兒子朗頓才滿十九個月即離開人世。那不是我過的日子……那寡婦家吃飯要聽鐘聲，睡覺要聽鐘聲，起床也要聽鐘聲，什么事情都得規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，簡直叫人受不了。t for me ... The widder eats by a bell?！稖?索亞》于1876年出版后，很快成為美國兒童故事的經(jīng)典之作?！彼趴陂_河地對一些受人景仰的藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)珍品加以鄙薄，甚至對宗教圣地也敢于以褻瀆性的言辭加以侮蔑。至此，馬克?吐溫作為“太平洋海岸狂放的幽默大師”的聲望已在全國范圍內(nèi)牢固地確立起來了。”In the dreary winter of 186465 in Angels Camp, he kept a notebook. Scattered among