【正文】 在晚年口述自傳的時候，他以極端絕望的心情談到人從塵世的苦難中的最終解脫：“……他們從世界上消失了，在這個世界上他們無足輕重，無所成就；甚至他們的存在本身就是個錯誤，是個失敗，是種愚蠢。 　On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain found the ultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived by and often deplored, from life39。s own declaration of independence came from another character. Six chapters into Tom Sawyer, he drags in the juvenile pariah of the village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard. Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas, Huck protests to his friend, Tom Sawyer: I39。在紐約市，“費城號”蒸汽船準備進行一次到歐洲和圣地的觀光航行?！　●R克?吐溫磨煉并試驗了他的新筆力，但他卻因寫了一些尖銳的評論文章而被迫暫時離開這座城市。這種生活體驗對他的全部創(chuàng)作都起了促進作用，然而他描寫得最為成功的還是那些密西西比河上的人物。The geographic core, in Twain39。Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starryeyed optimist, acidtongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、領航員、邦聯(lián)游擊隊員、淘金者、耽于幻想的樂天派、語言尖刻的諷刺家：馬克?吐溫原名塞繆爾?朗赫恩?克萊門斯，他一生之中有超過三分之一的時間浪跡美國各地，體驗著美國的新生活，爾后便以作家和演說家的身分將他所感受到的這一切介紹給全世界。從所有這些形形色色的人身上，馬克?吐溫敏銳地認識了人類，認識了人們的言與行之間的差距。1864年春季，在他加盟《領土開發(fā)報》還不足兩年之時，他又乘驛站馬車前往舊金山，那兒在當時和現(xiàn)在都是有前途的年輕作家成長的搖籃。至此，馬克?吐溫作為“太平洋海岸狂放的幽默大師”的聲望已在全國范圍內牢固地確立起來了。《湯姆?索亞》于1876年出版后，很快成為美國兒童故事的經典之作。那不是我過的日子……那寡婦家吃飯要聽鐘聲，睡覺要聽鐘聲，起床也要聽鐘聲，什么事情都得規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，簡直叫人受不了。 where they achieved nothing?！盌evices of figurationMetaphorMark Twain Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation39。他說：“我們只消偶爾地躺下來好好放松休息一下，保持鋒棱利角，我們將有可能成為一個多么朝氣蓬勃的民族，一個多么富有思想的民族啊!”Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12。 it don39。如果讀者們期望能讀到有關這次旅行見聞的神采飛揚的描寫的話，那他們是要倍感意外的?！斑@兒的人們真是了不起——因為那些笨手笨腳、無精打彩、呆頭呆腦的懶漢都呆在家里……正是那些人們?yōu)榧永Ｄ醽嗂A得了這樣的聲譽：當他們著手進行一項宏偉的事業(yè)時，他們會不計代價或風險而以一種豪邁的氣概和闖勁勇往直前，一千到底。他在南方邦聯(lián)游擊隊的一支雜牌隊伍里當了兩個星期的兵。 sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 185039。s bestloved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多數(shù)美國人的心目中，馬克?吐溫是位偉大作家，他描寫了哈克?費恩永恒的童年時代中充滿詩情畫意的旅程和湯姆?索亞在漫長的夏日里自由自在歷險探奇的故事。他完全地投身到這種生活之中，經常在操舵室里聽著人們談論民間爭斗、海盜搶劫、私刑案件、游醫(yī)賣藥以及河邊的一些化外民居的故事。在破產和灰心之余，他接受了為弗吉尼亞市《領土開發(fā)報》當記者的工作，這一行動將獲得文學界永久的感激。在雜亂無章的有關天氣情況和乏味無趣的有關礦區(qū)飯食情況的記錄條目中夾著一條敘述當天聽到的一則故事的記錄——這條記錄決定了他一生事業(yè)的發(fā)展方向：“科爾曼用他的跳蛙——與陌生人賭50美元——陌生人沒有跳蛙，科爾曼去給他弄來一只——陌生人利用這段時間將科的跳蛙肚子塞滿鉛彈，這樣，科的跳蛙跳不起來，陌生人的跳蛙便得以獲勝。s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affecti