【正文】 在建設(shè)一個(gè)SDM店控制的方法，包括將使用協(xié)調(diào)估計(jì)出價(jià)為下一個(gè)要執(zhí)行的操作的招標(biāo)代理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 在我們目前的實(shí)施，國(guó)家的建設(shè)為代表的一種“程序計(jì)數(shù)器”在這個(gè)過(guò)程中描述負(fù)荷的店鋪和每臺(tái)機(jī)器的狀態(tài)。對(duì)于工業(yè)環(huán)境中，將SDM商店由差別化機(jī)執(zhí)行每個(gè)操作。 每一部分的特點(diǎn)是要建一個(gè)過(guò)程計(jì)劃是建立在上述基本操作。 這些任務(wù)包括：確定被加工表面，塞萊cting的適當(dāng)?shù)那懈畛叽?，從?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索相應(yīng)的切削參數(shù)，使用最好的給定表面切削策略，并生成刀具路徑為目標(biāo)機(jī)器。 優(yōu)點(diǎn)添加劑/消減過(guò)程中的沉積可能并不需要是網(wǎng)狀的，因?yàn)椴牧系娜コ^(guò)程中所涉及。 這是由于這樣的事實(shí)：由于新引入的表面分解的部分的內(nèi)部，不需要進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工，因?yàn)楹罄m(xù)操作將存入相同的類(lèi)型的材料，這些表面相鄰。 1998]。 或者它可能是簡(jiǎn)單的操作，比如自動(dòng)插入預(yù)制組件。規(guī)劃的基本步驟涉及確定建筑方向的一部分分解成可制造體積（稱(chēng)為單步的幾何形狀），這些子模型以結(jié)構(gòu)化格式，用于允許優(yōu)化建筑物序列，沉積在每個(gè)單步的幾何形狀的材料，和整形分解實(shí)體。只要被認(rèn)為是多臺(tái)機(jī)器，制造等幾部分組成，將要采取的并行處理優(yōu)勢(shì)，在不同的站，以最大限度地提高設(shè)備利用率。 八月]。設(shè)計(jì)師和制造商之間的通信可以通過(guò)基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的過(guò)程經(jīng)紀(jì)人[譚皮尼利亞等。 我們采取的SDM過(guò)程[梅爾茨，普林茨等。 [普林茨，阿特伍德等人可用的進(jìn)程，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)全面的檢討。 Gong 1997]. The approach that we will be taking in building a SDM shop control will prise a network of agents that will use bidding to coordinate estimates and bid for the next operation to be performed.Bidding among a set of peting agents has already been explored as a way for scheduling and assigning production resources to jobs or making design resources in [Baker 1996。附錄A 英文原文Process Planning and Automation for AdditiveSubtractive Solid Freeform FabricationThe demand in industry for fast, accurate renditions of designs is not new, and a whole munity of specialized model makers and craftsmen has traditionally catered to this demand. This munity has adopted new technology, like CNC machining, as it has bee available. Nevertheless, the process of creating a model or a prototype of a design remained labor and skill intensive until the set of processes known collectively as Solid Free form Fabrication became feasible.The processes currently used in the SFF industry are purely additive, where material is progressively added to the part being built in the final position and shape. Newer processes ing out of the research laboratories are using engineering materials (hard metals, ceramics), and are bining addition and subtraction of material as a way to shape more precisely the part. A prehensive review of the available processes can be found in [Prinz, Atwood et al. 1997].Additive/Subtractive processes improve on purely additive ones in the range of materials they handle and the accuracy they provide. They are also proving to accept more sophisticated design with multiple and graded materials in a single part [Weiss, Merz et al. 1997], as well as integrating whole assemblies in one single fabrication unit. The downside to all theseimprovements is that additive/subtractive processes require a substantially more sophisticated process planning and part execution control. This increased difficulty is the result of the use of CNC machining or similar material removal processes and the need to coordinate several different unit processes.The goal of this paper is to present a planning and execution framework for additive/subtractive processes, outline the issues involved in developing such an environment, and report on the progress made in this direction at the Rapid Prototyping Laboratory at Stanford University. We take the SDM process [Merz, Prinz et al. 1994] developed at Stanford as the case study to apply the concepts developed in planning and execution for this class of additive/subtractive SFF processes.The first step towards automated manufacturing is to establish efficient munication between design clients and manufacturing centers. A design client can be equipped with regular CAD packages or with specialized design software [Binnard and Cutkosky 1998] where process specific knowledge is embedded to facilitate downstream planning tasks. On the other hand, manufacturing centers should provide manufacturability analyzers, automated process planning software and online execution systems. The manufacturability analyzers, for example, examine tolerance requirement of a design and verify it with their facility and process capabilities. The process planner generates sequences of process plans and associated operations and machine codes for building given parts. Execution systems read in several alternate process plans (possibly for many different parts), and determine subsequent operations and machines based on online jobshop configurations.Communication between designers and manufacturers can be acplished by Internetbased process brokers [Tan, Pinilla et al. 1998]. These brokers receive designs and check with available manufacturing centers for accessing turnaround time, material availability, facility capability, and dimensional accuracy. They then select manufacturers that best fit designers39。 Tilley 1996。 1997]。 1994]在斯坦福大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的個(gè)案研究，應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)的概念規(guī)劃及執(zhí)行這一類(lèi)的添加劑/消減SFF過(guò)程。 1998]。規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)所需的功能可以被總結(jié)如下：規(guī)劃查找一棟取向[許和李1998]必須考慮到一個(gè)事實(shí)，即添加劑/減法過(guò)程可以存入和形狀完整的三維形狀，并不僅限于薄2D 層部分形狀需要進(jìn)行分解，易于制造的過(guò)程中考慮的卷。 每個(gè)部分都可以建立以下幾種可供選擇的序列。 這些任務(wù)的目標(biāo)是生成過(guò)程的計(jì)劃，是低成本，高品質(zhì)，高精密，快速的周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間。下面介紹自動(dòng)和最優(yōu)的規(guī)劃添加劑/消減過(guò)程方法的相關(guān)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有什么不同與其他純添加劑的的SFF過(guò)程中確定的建設(shè)方向。拉馬斯瓦米，山口等人[中描述的一種加密算法，找到一個(gè)可行的解決方案，該分解的。分解的結(jié)果構(gòu)造鄰接圖的節(jié)點(diǎn)代表單步幾何或其他組件可以嵌入，邊代表連接的節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的鄰接關(guān)系。 這將有助于減少應(yīng)力集中和翹曲問(wèn)題，提高沉積路徑最優(yōu)，可以減少在沉積過(guò)程中的空隙。我們采取的SDM過(guò)程作為一個(gè)案例研究更一般的情況SFF加/減法的過(guò)程。 所需的操作，允許靈活的分配執(zhí)行到特定的機(jī)器盡可能晚。 每個(gè)部件和每個(gè)操作，它需要來(lái)決定所使用的機(jī)器。操作機(jī)器的動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度，否則是不可能的。招標(biāo)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劑在一組已經(jīng)作為一種生產(chǎn)資源調(diào)度和分配的工作或設(shè)計(jì)資源[1996年貝克1996年蒂利。 這些子模型構(gòu)造鄰接圖，優(yōu)先圖和建設(shè)替代樹(shù)，這是在實(shí)施C + +沉積和UG / OPEN API和UG / OPEN GRIP編程環(huán)境內(nèi)自動(dòng)生成加工代碼。 1998]。我們已經(jīng)提出的主要問(wèn)題，需要加以解決的添加劑/消減SFF適合工業(yè)化過(guò)程。 主要任務(wù)是分解模型制造的元素，計(jì)劃的沉積材料及其成型。 這些幾何圖形保持優(yōu)先級(jí)優(yōu)先圖中所表示的關(guān)系。 模擬多機(jī)店正在建設(shè)中測(cè)試的調(diào)度和信息支持系統(tǒng). SDM機(jī)是基于哈斯數(shù)控銑床額外的設(shè)備，使其能夠執(zhí)行三種不同材料的沉積，固化，預(yù)熱和冷卻。 這個(gè)框架是適應(yīng)SDM由于具有上述功能的建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)和機(jī)器的參數(shù)化?？梢杂?jì)算成本和加工時(shí)間的估計(jì)。 在斯坦福大學(xué)正在構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)，機(jī)器性能參數(shù)描述操作類(lèi)型，他們支持從列表中