【正文】 該進(jìn)程的代碼是用來(lái)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)床。 正在興建一個(gè)基于Web的界面頂部提供接入部分從其它網(wǎng)站比在斯坦福大學(xué)的RPL制造執(zhí)行軟件，并提供了設(shè)計(jì)/制造界面。 執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)支持非常高的組合，其中每個(gè)部分都有它自己的進(jìn)程計(jì)劃。 這些可能包括洗，噴砂，噴丸拍攝，或特殊操作，如嵌入組件，檢查，等等。 每個(gè)代表一個(gè)可能的建筑計(jì)劃分解幾何序列，并且可以選擇最佳取決于機(jī)器的可用性或其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如最小建立時(shí)間，或盡可能最好的表面處理，等這些建筑的替代品傳遞到就業(yè)商店運(yùn)行車間作業(yè)調(diào)度。 在自由曲面的設(shè)計(jì)的情況下，數(shù)量減少到最小的的底切非倒勾轉(zhuǎn)換的取向是最可取的，因?yàn)椴槐环指睿梢栽谝粋€(gè)單一的操作，從而消除產(chǎn)生層接口的馬克加工表面。以類似的方式，以VLSI制造執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)將有覆蓋處理部分生成的零件，中間緩沖區(qū)的過(guò)程規(guī)劃充分的三維幾何模型作為輸入和輸出的過(guò)程描述，用于指定內(nèi)容的操作序列是必需的生產(chǎn)輸入部分。 所提供的實(shí)體模型必須支持自由曲面的緣故添加劑/消減過(guò)程和所需的精度水平所需的幾何推理和路徑規(guī)劃。 這種增加的難度是使用數(shù)控機(jī)加工或類似的材料去除過(guò)程，需要協(xié)調(diào)一些不同的單元過(guò)程的結(jié)果。 Noauthor 1997]. This type of system supports a multiplicity of agents that collaborate to control production [Maturana and Norrie 1995。 Tan, Pinilla et al. 1998].The CAD model is deposed into five singlestep geometries. These geometries hold precedence relationships that are represented in a precedence graph. This graph pletely represents their building constraints. Deposition and machining code is then generated for each singlestep geometry. This process code is used to directly drive machine overall part plan is codified in the Process Description Language that encodes all possible building sequences derived from the building tree and their associated manufacturing encoded process description is interpreted by the execution system that controls and monitors all the part building activities. A building sequence is then chosen in real time depending on machine availability, jobshop scheduling, and other criteria. We have presented the main issues that need to be solved to make additive/subtractive SFF processes amenable to industrialization. While the basic technology for these processes is well developed, the supporting planning and execution aspects are not well defines how to achieve a feasible plan to build a design from its geometrical representation. The main tasks are to depose the model into manufacturable elements, plan the deposition of material and its shaping. Algorithms are being developed to address each of these tasks, and a representation formalism to support them has been presented.附錄B 漢語(yǔ)翻譯減色添加劑固體自由成形制造過(guò)程規(guī)劃和自動(dòng)化DEMA第二產(chǎn)業(yè)快速，準(zhǔn)確樣式的設(shè)計(jì)，是不是新的，整個(gè)社區(qū)的專業(yè)模型制作和工匠的傳統(tǒng)迎合這種需求。設(shè)計(jì)，客戶機(jī)可以配備常規(guī)的CAD軟件包，或與專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)軟件[Binnard和Cutkosky 1998]過(guò)程中特定的知識(shí)嵌入到下游規(guī)劃任務(wù)。 1995]，為每個(gè)表面的最終形狀的加工。添加劑/消減的SFF過(guò)程涉及迭代材料沉積，整形等二次操作。 總之，一次建設(shè)的方向已經(jīng)確定，這種方法確定的所有輪廓邊表示非倒勾表面轉(zhuǎn)換功能削弱或反之亦然。 通過(guò)這種方法，原始2D層的幾何形狀是“固定”，以減少尖銳的角落和狹窄的通道，并為平滑的路徑優(yōu)化的沉積。工藝方案確定的操作序列，建立必要的范圍內(nèi)正確完成的部分僅部分?？梢杂?jì)算成本和加工時(shí)間的估計(jì)。 模擬多機(jī)店正在建設(shè)中測(cè)試的調(diào)度和信息支持系統(tǒng). SDM機(jī)是基于哈斯數(shù)控銑床額外的設(shè)備，使其能夠執(zhí)行三種不同材料的沉積，固化，預(yù)熱和冷卻。 主要任務(wù)是分解模型制造的元素，計(jì)劃的沉積材料及其成型。 1998]。招標(biāo)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劑在一組已經(jīng)作為一種生產(chǎn)資源調(diào)度和分配的工作或設(shè)計(jì)資源[1996年貝克1996年蒂利。 每個(gè)部件和每個(gè)操作，它需要來(lái)決定所使用的機(jī)器。我們采取的SDM過(guò)程作為一個(gè)案例研究更一般的情況SFF加/減法的過(guò)程。分解的結(jié)果構(gòu)造鄰接圖的節(jié)點(diǎn)代表單步幾何或其他組件可以嵌入，邊代表連接的節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的鄰接關(guān)系。下面介紹自動(dòng)和最優(yōu)的規(guī)劃添加劑/消減過(guò)程方法的相關(guān)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有什么不同與其他純添加劑的的SFF過(guò)程中確定的建設(shè)方向。 每個(gè)部分都可以建立以下幾種可供選擇的序列。 1998]。 1997]。附錄A 英文原文Process Planning and Automation for AdditiveSubtractive Solid Freeform FabricationThe demand in industry for fast, accurate renditions of designs is not new, and a whole munity of specialized model makers and craftsmen has traditionally catered to this demand. This munity has adopted new technology, like CNC machining, as it has bee available. Nevertheless, the process of creating a model or a prototype of a design remained labor and skill intensive until the set of processes known collectively as Solid Free form Fabrication became feasible.The processes currently used in the SFF industry are purely additive, where material is progressively added to the part being built in the final position and shape. Newer processes ing out of the research laboratories are using engineering materials (hard metals, ceramics), and are bining addition and subtraction of material as a way to shape more precisely the part. A prehensive review of the available processes can be found in [Prinz, Atwood et al. 1997].Additive/Subtractive processes improve on purely additive ones in the range of materials they handle and the accuracy they provide. They are also proving to accept more sophisticated design with multiple and graded materials in a single part [Weiss, Merz et al. 1997], as well as integrating whole assemblies in one single fabrication unit. The downside to all theseimprovements is that additive/subtractive processes require a substantially more sophisticated process planning and part execution control. This increased difficulty is the result of the use of CNC machining or similar material removal processes and the need to coordinate several different unit processes.The goal of this paper is to present a planning and execution framework for additive/subtractive processes, outline the issues involved in developing such an environment, and report on the progress made in this direction at the Rapid Prototyping Laboratory at Stanford University. We take the SDM process [Merz, Prinz et al. 1994] developed at Stanford as the case study to apply the concepts developed in planning and execution for this class of additive/subtractive SFF processes.The first step towards automated manufacturing is to establish efficient munication between design clients and manufacturing centers. A design client can be equipped with regular CAD packages or with specialized design software [Binnard and Cutkosky 1998] where process specific knowledge is embedded to facilitate downstream planning tasks. On the other hand, manufacturing centers should provide manufacturability analyzers, automated process planning softwa