【正文】 ts ..................................................................................4 Contract ........................................................................................................5 of Lingual Styles of Traditional Contract ...............................................6 Length of Sentence .............................................................................6 2 Dearth of Punctuation ....................................................................................6 3Archaism ............................................................................................................7 4Special Terms .....................................................................................................7 B Summary of Lingual Styles of Traditional Contract ................................................8 Contract...............................................................................................................9 A. Features of Lingual Styles of Formal Contract .......................................................9 of Long and Short Sentences...............................................................9 Punctuation ..............................................................................................10 3. Less Archaism ................................................................................................10 4. Pervasive Special Terms and Formal Words ..................................................10 Words in Pair ........................................................................................ 11 6. Complicated and Strict Expression ................................................................ 11 Syntactic Features ......................................................................................... 11 Features ........................................................................................................12 Contract .............................................................................................................13 of Lingual Styles of Modem Contract .....................................................13 Sentences ...............................................................................................13 Punctuation ..............................................................................................13 Archaic Special and Big Words............................................................13 Paired Words and Complicated and Strict Expressions ............................14 of Descriptive Adjectives and Adverbs....................................................14 6. No Omission of Article ..................................................................................14 Capitalization ........................................................................15 of Lingual Styles of Modem Contracts ..................................................15 VI Application.............................................................................................................16 Approach to solving the Problems ................................................................16 to Development of Lingual Styles of English Contracts ........................17 VII Conclusion ...................................................................................................................18 Notes ..................................................................................................................................19 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................20 1 Ⅰ .Introduction A contract is one of the basic social and legal institutions in modern society. A contract frames and coordinates human interactions. It is an agreement that creates,assigns,delegates,and transfers rights and obligations,tangible and intangible goods,services,and entitlements between the contracting parties,relying on their voluntary,rational,and deliberate consent. Today,contractual relationships among persons,munities,anizations,and states emerge as an alternative or at least as an amendatory legal instrument of market coordination and state regulation. A contract binds person to person,person to anization,anization to anization,person to society,person to state,and state to state in private,social,economic,and political affairs. Since contracts embrace almost all aspects of human affairs from business to marriage,it is difficult to develop a general theory of contract that could provide a normative framework for all human interactions based on various macro and microlevel,formal and informal,and written and unwritten agreements. Since the theoretical diversities of the notion of contract are rooted in different legal and philosophical traditions,they offer different accounts of its philosophical origin,moral motivations,and practical justification for its prevalence in modern society. Conflicting assessments cause theoretical,doctrinal,and practical tensions and incoherencies in contract law,adjudication,and contractual settlement. Therefore,despite the long and rich intellectual history of philosophical,moral,legal,economic,and political reflections on contract,many contemporary scholars hold that contracts still lack any clear and consistent theoretical foundation. The critical remarks about differing assumptions and interpretations apply equally in civil law countries,where contracts are often justified on moral grounds and given a certain kind of redemptive power in the implementation of a just and wellordered society,and in mon law countries,where the economic analysis of contracts seems to be too narrow in its philosophical and moral foundation. 2 This entry presents an overview of the basic t