外文翻譯---合同中締約過(guò)失責(zé)任的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展(完整版)
【正文】 g: contract is no longer the subject of the payment is void. At this point, if the buyer is in good faith and without negligence, in order to protect the security of transactions, in exceptional circumstances the buyer the right to appeal based on buyers to good faith litigation, the request to the seller for pensation for losses suffered due to an invalid contract. However, before the formation of the ancient Roman law, there is no contractual obligation and Culpa plete system. The plete theoretical and institutional systematization of things was established in the modern times. It is proposed by the German jurist Garling. In the year of 1861, Jelling published in Volume IV of Contracting on the fault Contract null and void and damages before the establishment of the harmed in his “Garling doctrine Annual Report”. In the article, he pointed out that Germany took too much emphasis on the will of the general mon law and the subjective will of the importance of party desired, but not enough to meet the business needs. For example, offer or mitment is failed to convey, the person or the subject will affect the effectiveness of the contract, if the contract due to the fault of one of the parties and not established, the party at fault should the other party because of reliance on the establishment of contract losses liability? Garling replied: the people who engaged in contracts were concluded, from a contractual obligation to trade outside the scope of the negative into a positive obligation on the lease area, which thus assume the primary obligation lies in contracting to be fulfilling the necessary attention. Protected by law, not just an existing contractual relationship, the contractual relationship is taking place should be included。 介紹 在傳統(tǒng)的合同法中，合同當(dāng)事人之間權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系僅僅存于合同的成立和履行完畢這一段時(shí)間。 締約過(guò)失責(zé)任完整的理論和制度上系統(tǒng)化是近代以來(lái)的事情，它由德國(guó)法學(xué)家耶林提出。 [1]這就是耶林關(guān)于締約過(guò)失責(zé)任的理論，它被稱(chēng)為法學(xué)上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 希臘、意大利民法將締約過(guò)失責(zé)任作為一般原則加以規(guī)定。 1933 年美國(guó)學(xué)者富勒等在《耶魯法律評(píng)論》上發(fā)表了《合同法中信賴(lài)?yán)娴膿p害賠償》一文，詳細(xì)討論了期待利益、信賴(lài)?yán)婧吐男欣鎲?wèn)題，指出了信賴(lài)?yán)娴馁r償主要是為了彌補(bǔ)合同法規(guī)則的不足，強(qiáng)化 禁止反言 原則，彌補(bǔ)受害人的損失而創(chuàng)設(shè)。 總結(jié) 綜觀自耶林締約過(guò)失責(zé)任提出以來(lái)各國(guó)對(duì)這一制度的 規(guī)定可以看出締約過(guò)失責(zé)任制度已形成一個(gè)體系，較之耶林當(dāng)初的理論主要有以下幾點(diǎn)發(fā)展：一是適用范圍的擴(kuò)大。三是世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家都接受了締約過(guò)失責(zé)任理論，在制定法或判例法中有明確的規(guī)定和體現(xiàn)。 英美法中的信賴(lài)?yán)媸侵负贤?dāng)事人因信賴(lài)對(duì)方的允諾而支付的代價(jià)或費(fèi)用。 第 198條規(guī)定： 于為締結(jié)契約磋商行為之際，因過(guò)失 致相對(duì)人遭受損害時(shí)，應(yīng)負(fù)損害賠償責(zé)任，縱契約未成立亦然。 在《德國(guó)民法典》制定之際，學(xué)者們就對(duì)締約過(guò)失問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了討論。他在該文中指出，德國(guó)普遍通法過(guò)分注重意志說(shuō)，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)事人主觀意志的合意，因此不足以適應(yīng)商業(yè)活動(dòng)的需要。即
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