【正文】 策 它是很難的。是什么使局勢更加復雜，現在是美國，中國，印度和其他主要國家將如何參與建立一個低碳市場。達到不同的峰值的一些驅動力已在顯示過去經歷和未來情景的分析圖 1 中表示出來了。一個應對氣候變化的法律和監(jiān)管框架將逐漸浮出水面 。有關準則，以及低碳經濟的復雜性和多樣性模型，均表示應推出的宏觀政策指導和規(guī)范的內容，模式，發(fā)展方向和評估指標體系的低碳經濟。多樣化的低碳技術體系將為節(jié)能和能源利用率逐步建立，比如清潔煤和清潔能源，可再生能源和新能源，以及碳沉降。需要與所有公民采取聯(lián)合行動，以抵御氣候變化的潛在風險。中國可以考慮自愿或強制性標桿管理用以提升低碳發(fā)展的一些關鍵技術，已達到設備和產品的國際領先水平。 （ 3） 加強合作，建立一個健康的低碳技 術體系。 （ 2） 低碳發(fā)展建立長效機制的框架，并規(guī)定有序低碳發(fā)展的相關政策。 構建一個低碳社會和經濟體制的主要出發(fā)點有四個方面： （ 1） 建立一個法律和監(jiān)管框架以應對氣候變化和改善宏觀管理體制。從工業(yè)化國家經濟增長和碳排放之間的關系的歷史演變中，大多數國家先后經歷碳排放強度，人均碳排放量，碳排放總量倒 U 形曲線。 在國際層面上， 低碳 經濟發(fā)展的不確定因素包括： 成本和市場 —— 在這一刻，我們也難以真正能夠估計一個低碳經濟發(fā)展所必需的全部費用。 需要澄清的是，由于各國社會和經濟背景的差異，對一個 低碳 未來的出發(fā)點 或者追求的目標可能有所不同 。立法的發(fā)展道路，體現了一個綜合的解決方案戰(zhàn)略。當發(fā)展中國家的減排目標，中國將考慮這樣的發(fā)展水平，技術訣竅，社會影響力，國際形象和新的國際氣候制度的公平性和有效性的基礎因素。在過去 50 年中，在極端天氣和氣候事件的頻率和強度上也出現了重大變化（中國國家評估報告氣候變化的編輯委員會， 2020）。盡管全球氣候保護的進程取決于我們的科學意識的共識，政治意愿，經濟利益，社會的接受程度，以 及采取的措施，低碳（ LC）的發(fā)展道路，無疑是人類未來發(fā)展的關鍵選擇。 instead, it requires all related stakeholders’ as well as the whole society’s participation. Owing to the fact that there exist some inadequacies in the general public’s awareness of climate change, publicity, education and training are required in bination with policy incentives to transform the public’s perception and thinking, increase the public’s awareness on response to climate change and gradually reach consensus on focusing on 8 LC consumption behaviours and models. Joint actions with all the stakeholders are needed to resist the potential risks from climate change. 9 References： EIA (2020), International Energy Outlook, EIA, USDOE, Washington, DC. He, J. (2020), “Addressing climate change through developing low carbon economy”, Keynote Speech in SinoDanish Forum on Climate Change, Beijing October 23. IEA (2020), World Energy Outlook 2020, IEA, Paris. IPCC (2020a), Climate Change 2020: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, available at: IPCC (2020b), Climate Change 2020: Mitigation of Climate Change, available at: IPCC (2020c), Climate Change 2020: Synthesis Report, available at: IPCC (2020d), Climate Change 2020: The Physical Science Basic, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Jiang, K. (2020), “A scenario research on China’s greenhouse gas emissions”,International Climate Change Regime: A Study on Key Issues in China, China Environmental Sciences Press, Beijing, pp. 824. Stiglitz, . (2020), “Three ways to global economic recovery”, available at: Wang, Y. (2020a), “A low carbon path with Chinese characteristics”, Greenleaf, No. 8, pp. 4652. Wang, Y. (2020b), Summary of SinoDanish Forum on Climate Change: Not to Delay Climate Change Progress by Financial Crisis, available at: 10 中文翻譯： 中國低碳發(fā)展的途徑 摘要 ： 目的 ： 這篇論文的是探索中國現存的政策和針對低碳發(fā)展政策的其他可選方向。 中文 4396 字 本科畢業(yè)論文 外文文獻及 譯文 文獻、資料題目 China’s Pathway to Lowcarbon Development 文獻、資料來源： Journal of Knowledgebased Innovation in China 文獻、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期： , 2020 院 （部）： 管理 工程學院 專 業(yè)： 工程造價 1 外文文獻 China’s Pathway to Lowcarbon Development Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore China’s current policy and policy options regarding the shift to a lowcarbon (LC) development. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses both a literature review and empirical systems analysis of the trends of socioeconomic conditions, carbon emissions and development of innovation capacities in China. Findings – The analysis shows that a holistic solution and cobene?t approach are needed for China’s transition to a green and LC economy, and that, especially for developing countries, it is not enough to have only goals regarding mitigation and adaptation. Instead, a concrete roadmap towards a LC future is needed that addresses key issues of technology transfer, institutional arrangements and sharing the costs in the context of a global climate regime. In this light, it is argued that China should adopt an approach for lowcarbon development centred on carbon intensity reduction over the next ten years. Originality/value – The paper thus provides a unique summary, in English, of the arguments supporting China’s current lowcarbon innovation policies from one of the authors of this policy. Keywords： Carbon, Sustainable development, Environmental management, Government policy, China Paper type – Research paper Climate change has bee the most signi?cant environment and development challenge to human society in the twenty?rst century. Responding to climate change is the core task to achieving global sustainable development, both for today and for a rather long period of time from today. International negotiations on prevention of global warming and related actions not only concern the human living environment, but also directly impact the modernization process