【正文】 orming loans processing and structural reforms, unemployment will increase by 2 1520 million people, the Japanese economy is still difficult in the short term expectations of the people toward recovery. ① So, what exactly is the crux of the Japanese economy? This paper theory from the open market, through the postwar economic growth in the Japanese practice of market liberalization and the analysis of 90 longterm economic downturn since the root of Japan, as well as market liberalization and economic growth within relationship. Ⅰ .market liberalization and economic growth theory Market economy requires not only within a country to be open, but also for the world to achieve open. In the context of today39。s external dependence on continuous improvement of its business strength has been greatly enhanced, this time showing the world trade liberalization tendencies of some countries started demanding that Japan open its domestic market. In this situation, the Japanese have to bear their responsibilities to be performed, the implementation of liberalization. In 1960, the Japanese government promulgated the Outline of trade and foreign exchange liberalization, clearly the basic principles of liberalization and promote the process, and began to gradually open its domestic modity markets. Japan39。因此 ， 建立適應(yīng)國際化的市場開放制度，將是日本經(jīng)濟(jì)今后面臨的一個(gè)主要問題。它不能脫離一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、歷史文化、政治制度、倫理道德等特征。國家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)經(jīng)常會(huì)來阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，限制市場體系的運(yùn)行 ， 損害消費(fèi)者的利益。所以對外貿(mào)易是構(gòu)成一個(gè)國家對外開放的第一個(gè)層次。為了防止外國資本進(jìn)入國內(nèi)市場對本 國企業(yè)形成控制 ， 政府對外國資本進(jìn)入也實(shí)行嚴(yán)格限制 ， 規(guī)定必須由國際貿(mào)易和工業(yè)部來審查。④關(guān)于資本市場的開放 ， 日本在《貿(mào)易和外匯自由化計(jì)劃大綱》中規(guī)定 ， 原則上兩年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)交易自由化 ， 資本交易自由化根據(jù)經(jīng)常交易自由化的發(fā)展情況而定 ， 來防止給國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來不好的影響。到 1980 年底 ， 除了農(nóng)林水產(chǎn)業(yè)、礦業(yè)、石油業(yè)、皮革制品業(yè)以外 ， 日本其它行業(yè)實(shí)行了對外國資本的開放。 80 年代中期 ， 日本將對外貿(mào)易政策由原來的振興出口、自由進(jìn)口 ， 調(diào)整為有控制地?cái)U(kuò)大出口、鼓勵(lì)擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口 ， 如采取減少限制進(jìn)口商品種類、降低進(jìn)口商品關(guān)稅、簡化進(jìn)口手續(xù)、擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口額度等措施 ， 加強(qiáng)國際協(xié)調(diào)。 。首先 ， 促進(jìn)了戰(zhàn)后日本經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長。 1978 年 ， 日本對外直接投資金額到了 268億美元 ， 相當(dāng)于外國對日本直接投資額的 12 倍。成員國必須承擔(dān)取消外匯限制、實(shí)行本國貨幣的可兌換性等義務(wù) 。但是 ， 另外一方面它使日本片面擴(kuò)大出口的貿(mào)易思想深深植根到日本經(jīng)濟(jì)之中 ， 為以后日本對外貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展留下了隱患。 戰(zhàn)后初期 ， 日本在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等方面實(shí)施了一系列的民主改革 ， 開始由戰(zhàn)時(shí)統(tǒng)制經(jīng)濟(jì) 向政府主導(dǎo)的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)變。新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人馬歇爾在《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》中說到 ， 在自由競爭的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的假定下 ， 強(qiáng)調(diào)了經(jīng)濟(jì)自由主義的觀點(diǎn) ， 將自由放縱、國家不干涉經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)想成是理想的政策。 在一個(gè)國家開放市場、參加國際性的競爭過程中 ， 政府的作用會(huì)適當(dāng)減小 ， 市場機(jī)制也會(huì)相應(yīng)的增加。 同時(shí)，處理不良債權(quán)和改革結(jié)構(gòu) ， 失業(yè)人口將會(huì)增加 1520 萬人 ， 日本經(jīng)濟(jì)還是很難在短期內(nèi)恢復(fù)到大家的期望。 in trade, finance and other fields to adjust policies to further open markets. The growing petitiveness of Japanese products, rapid export growth, external trade surplus remained, Japan and European and American countries trade friction between the frequency of, in addition to European and American economy began to show regional trends in Japan39。s economic development, history, culture, political system, ethics and other features. Thus, even if the success of the national market liberalization, it is not through the same path. In a country opening up the market to international petition, the Government39。s increasingly global economy, modity, currency, and information across national boundaries, creating a worldwide market. So, today, they say, is the main market opening their economies with the world economy. When to open their markets, why open the form in which is open to what extent is the country with the formation of the formation of relations of production, and with the changes in the developme