【正文】 oss typically millions of production units the individual IC cost is minimized. The performance of ICs is high because the small size allows short traces which in turn allows low power logic (such as CMOS) to be used at fast switching speeds. ICs have consistently migrated to smaller feature sizes over the years, allowing more circuitry to be packed on each chip. This increased capacity per unit area can be used to decrease cost and/or increase functionality—see Moore39。s lookup table to find the chip characteristics. The manufacturing date is monly represented as a twodigit year followed by a twodigit week code, such that a part bearing the code 8341 was manufactured in week 41 of 1983, or approximately in October 1983. Structure and function of the MCS51 series Structure and function of the MCS51 series onechip puter is a name of a piece of onechip puter series which Intel Company produces. This pany introduced 8 topgrade onechip puters of MCS51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 onechip puters of MCS48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of onechip puter the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic position, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives 51 serial onechip puters . An onechip puter system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some onechip puters, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc.. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the puter. ( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize onechip puter or onechip puter and serial 第 頁 共 頁 munication of puter to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the abovementioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the onechip puter, it is the control of the puter and mand centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc.. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 839。成本低是由于芯片把所有的元件通過照相平版技術，作為一個單位印刷，而不是在一個時間只制作一個晶體管。雖然單獨設計開發(fā)一個復雜的集成電路的成本非常高，但當分散到數(shù)以百萬計的產(chǎn)品上，每個 IC 的成本就很小了。由于用戶對 IC的運行速度和功率消耗非常敏感，各生產(chǎn)商在如何開發(fā)運用更好的技術上存在著激烈的競爭。 這些數(shù)字 IC, 以微處理器，數(shù)字信號處理器（ DSP）和微控制器為代表，工作中使用二進制，處理 1 和 0 信號。 半導體 IC 是逐層制造的，其構造工藝過程包括以下關鍵步驟：成像 ， 沉積 ， 蝕刻 ， 在其構造過程輔以摻雜及清潔。其層的制作過程非常象照相過程，雖然可見光譜中的光波不能用來曝光元件層，因為他們太大了。以 SmallOutline Integrated Circuit（ SOIC）為例，貼片式占用面積比 DIP 少 30－ 50％，厚度少 70％。 芯片制造日期通常表示為兩位數(shù)的年份加兩位數(shù)字的星期代碼。但一些單芯片電腦沒有考慮 ROM / EPROM，如 8031， 8032， 80C51等等。此外，協(xié)調(diào)往往是作為對8051 內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸轉運站 考慮 。 8051 是 跟其他 電腦一樣，在 節(jié) 拍控制的 控制下完成 本工作，就像一個管弦樂隊，根據(jù) 節(jié)拍 的 指揮 來演奏 。 該控制器包括