【正文】 fied. These dimensions should be taken into consideration when dealing with practical inventory control problems, additional to the traditional points for attention following from the field of operations management and operations research. The resulting approach can be called an anizational perspective on inventory control. This approach has two important characteristics. In the first place, the concept of inventory control is looked at from a multiform point of view. This means attention is no longer focused on just order quantities, order intervals and inventory control systems. Instead, other aspects of inventory control, belonging to the fields of anizational theory and anizational behavior, are highlighted as well. In the second place, the concept of inventory control is looked at from an integrated point of view. This means not only several different sides of inventory control are discussed, but also a great deal of attention is paid to the coherence between the different is an important aspect, since it is the coherence that ultimately determines the effectiveness of inventory control in a practical example, suitable replenishment strategies can be counteracted by inappropriate allocation of responsibilities. In the same way undesirable behavior may disturb sound decisionmaking and munication processes. A lack of coherence can easily arise as a result of conflicting interests. It is generally accepted that anizational members involved in for instance sales, production or finance value inventories differently (Plossl, 1985。雖然列出的這些特點(diǎn)不是面面俱到的，但是它是由一個(gè)將在庫(kù)存情況方面形成相當(dāng)完整的洞察力而組成的。為此，庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)需要被描述和分析。實(shí)際上，存貨管理的主要目的是為了促進(jìn)供求關(guān)系的平衡。 Silver et al, 1998）。這不僅意味著許多庫(kù)存控制的不同方面得到了討論，而且不同維度之間的相關(guān)性也得到了廣泛關(guān)注。 因此，在庫(kù)存控制中扮演著重要角色的四個(gè)維度應(yīng)該加以識(shí)別。 第四個(gè)也就是最后一個(gè)編制環(huán)境維度庫(kù)存控制工作人員的行為。就像其他編制領(lǐng)域，許多庫(kù)存管理的決策是從年度戰(zhàn)略到日常活動(dòng)的運(yùn)營(yíng)決策產(chǎn) 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 生的。同樣的，一個(gè)缺乏控制的高庫(kù)存可能是不正確的庫(kù)存記錄的結(jié)果或者是記錄系統(tǒng)操作失誤的結(jié)果。 Leschke, 1998）。為了確定經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨量，一些相關(guān)庫(kù)存成本發(fā)揮著一定的作用，如訂購(gòu)成本和庫(kù)存成本。 文章結(jié) 構(gòu)如下：首先，形成一個(gè)編制視角，為此，就需要研究編制庫(kù)存環(huán)境來(lái)確定庫(kù)存控制的各個(gè)方面；其次，提出一個(gè)框架圖以應(yīng)用編制視角來(lái)解決實(shí)際庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題；然后，介紹一個(gè)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用了編制視角的案例的研究方法。 Machuca,1998）。例如，隨機(jī)模型來(lái)確定訂購(gòu)數(shù)量、技術(shù)預(yù)測(cè)需求以及不同類型的 ABC 分析。其次，這篇文章描述了一個(gè)研究結(jié)果的案例，而這個(gè)案例是關(guān)于從應(yīng)用程序的編制視角來(lái)解決實(shí)際庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題。盡管這些觀念有著可用價(jià)值，但是這種片面的方法在實(shí)踐中有著他自身的局限性。顯而易見，這些觀念和技術(shù)的理論背景都顯示出了大量的相似之處：他們都源于運(yùn)營(yíng)管理學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)。而這個(gè)框架圖的其中一個(gè)主要特征就是在分析和重新設(shè)計(jì)庫(kù)存情況時(shí)事非常有用的。因此，大量的觀念和技術(shù)都可有效地控制庫(kù)存。 Lovejoy, 1998。所以，這篇文章的主題就是這個(gè)編制視角的形成和實(shí)際應(yīng)用。第一個(gè)方面關(guān)注于訂單數(shù)量或者訂購(gòu)多少。這些管理主題包括 MRP，即 JIT 和 ERP（ Hayes, 1998。例如當(dāng)企業(yè)中如果沒有人負(fù)責(zé)庫(kù)存或者負(fù)責(zé)人沒有足夠的權(quán)力時(shí)就很容易出現(xiàn)庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題。 其次，編制理論表明：決策過(guò)程會(huì)形成一個(gè)重要的編制維度（如， Daft, 1998）。例如：轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的庫(kù)存信息、信息質(zhì)量和商品的反饋都對(duì)庫(kù)存控制的有效性有重大影響。因此，不僅要考慮到任務(wù)分配、決策過(guò)程和溝通過(guò)程等正面方面，還要考慮到行為和潛在因素的非正面方面，這一點(diǎn)是非常重要的。其次，庫(kù)存控制這一觀點(diǎn)是從一個(gè)綜合的觀點(diǎn)切入的。（ Plossl, 1985。然而，庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)的性能是指不僅僅是明確定義的成本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這一階段的目標(biāo)就是在庫(kù)存情況上達(dá)到一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)，在庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題的原因上達(dá)到一個(gè)全方面的了解。每個(gè)維度分為相關(guān)方面和特點(diǎn)方面。Silver et al., 1998). Depending on their involvement in determining aspects of inventory control,there will be little or much coherence. Thus, it is desirable to pay attention to the interaction between the several dimensions of inventory control rather than to traditional aspects or 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 munication processes separately. The next section of this article presents a framework that can be used to apply the anizational perspective to practical inventory control problems. 3. An integrated framework The employment of the anizational perspective on inventory control in practice can be facilitated by means of the framework presented in Fig. 2. The framework displays a way of approaching practical inventory control is based on a basic control loop to represent the underlying problemsolving process. In general,the starting point for a problemsolving process is an inventory system that performs below preset standards. In many cases, these preset standards are defined in terms of costs. Some examples of costs associated with the ‘ performance’ of inventory systems are storing costs, stockout costs,ordering costs and costs due to obsolescence. The performance of an inventory system refers, however,not only to welldefined cost , the main purpose of inventory management is to facilitate the smoothing between supply and demand. So any symptom indicating a lack of harmony between supply and demand may refer to a poor performance of the inventory system. Examples of some of these symptoms are instabilities in the (production) planning process,the existence of numerous rush orders and inefficient operation of production facilities. In many cases a deviating performance of the inventory system will activate a diagnosis of the inventory situation in which several aspects regarding inventory control are investigated (. 2). The oute of this diagnosis then serves as input for the construction of a redesign of the inventory system. Within this framework, there are a few guidelines for the diagnosis and redesign phase following from the application of the anizational perspective on inventory control. To begin with, applying the anizational perspective on inventory control in a problemsolving 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 process partly determines the structuring of the diagnosis phase of the process. The objective of this phase is to achieve a clear insight in the inventory situation under consideration and a thorough understanding of the cause(s) of the inventory control problem. To that end,