【正文】 總庫(kù)存投資方面做得很好（ Plossl and Welch, 1797, ）。 近來(lái)，管理系統(tǒng)，如制造資源計(jì)劃（ MRP）和企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃（ ERP）已被添加進(jìn)入這一系統(tǒng) ， 然而，大多數(shù)這些計(jì)劃都有著相似的理論背景 ，運(yùn)營(yíng)管理和運(yùn)營(yíng)研究 。 關(guān)鍵詞：案例研究，庫(kù)存控制，編制角度 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車(chē)工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 在過(guò)去的幾十年里，庫(kù)存控制一直是許多論文的熱門(mén)話(huà)題。案例研究的中心問(wèn)題時(shí)非洲傳教士航空組織的備件庫(kù)存。例如：職責(zé)的分配，庫(kù)存管理權(quán)利的分配，庫(kù)存信息的質(zhì)量和相關(guān)的決策過(guò)程等等。在這篇文章中，我認(rèn)為在處理實(shí)際的庫(kù)存控制的問(wèn)題時(shí)要采取 更為全面的思考 。 現(xiàn)今 ，許多觀(guān)念和技術(shù)都 可以 有效地控制庫(kù)存。 例如許多 隨機(jī)模型 被用來(lái) 確定訂購(gòu)數(shù)量、技術(shù)預(yù)測(cè)需求 還有 不同的ABC 分析 法 。首先，就是要形成一種編制角度的庫(kù)存控制。這些情境因素以及傳統(tǒng)因素形成了一個(gè)用于解決實(shí)際庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題的框架圖。案例研究表明：該編制視角在處理庫(kù)存控制問(wèn)題上市非常有用的。它也可以當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的被叫做運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域的精華。這就意味著這些觀(guān)念和技術(shù)主要基于數(shù)學(xué)的假設(shè)和建 模的庫(kù)存情況。此外，如今許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為許多定量方法領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)營(yíng)管理學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)不足以應(yīng)付今天編制的復(fù)雜性（如： Hayes, 1998。因此，這就需要一個(gè)庫(kù)存控制的擴(kuò)展視圖。這些環(huán)境因素以及傳統(tǒng)因素都可以在庫(kù)存控制方面形成一個(gè)編制的視角。第四部分，從案例研究中得出結(jié)論。比如說(shuō)： Plossl(1985)和 Silveretal(1998)?？紤]到這一點(diǎn)，需求量和更換規(guī)模的過(guò)程是非常重要的。過(guò)去的二 十年間，隨著運(yùn)營(yíng)管理學(xué)的發(fā)展和成熟，一些新觀(guān)念已經(jīng)被添加到庫(kù)存控制的主題中。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)觀(guān)點(diǎn)對(duì)大多數(shù)庫(kù)存處在同一個(gè)環(huán)境中這一事實(shí)關(guān)注很少或者根本不關(guān)注。一個(gè)顯著的例子就是庫(kù)存管理職責(zé)和權(quán)限的分配。 為了能夠辨別庫(kù)存編制環(huán)境的重要幾個(gè)方面，它可以分為四個(gè)維度：分配任務(wù)、決策過(guò)程、溝通過(guò)程和工作人員。這些特點(diǎn)中的每一個(gè)特點(diǎn)都有可能會(huì)影響庫(kù)存控制的有效性。此外，庫(kù)存控制的有效性取決于庫(kù)存決策方式之間的相互關(guān)系。在這方面，考慮到庫(kù)存控制溝通過(guò)程的影響是非常重要的。洛夫喬伊（ 1998）指出人類(lèi)的行為不應(yīng)該在運(yùn)營(yíng)管理問(wèn) 題上被忽略。同樣，獎(jiǎng)賞制度、不確定性以及不適當(dāng)性都會(huì)影響庫(kù)存任務(wù)的執(zhí)行。由此產(chǎn)生一個(gè)叫做庫(kù)存控制的編制透析。而且，從屬于編制理論和編制行為的其他方面的庫(kù)存控制也會(huì)得到關(guān)注。因?yàn)榫褪沁@個(gè)相關(guān)性最終決定著實(shí)際情況中庫(kù)存控制的有效性。因?yàn)楸娝苤?，編制人員參與銷(xiāo)售、生產(chǎn)和財(cái)務(wù)等不同的庫(kù)存控制。本文的下一部分將呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)框架圖，而這個(gè)框架圖可應(yīng)用于編制視角來(lái)解決實(shí)際的庫(kù)存控制問(wèn) 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車(chē)工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 題。例如，一些有關(guān)成本的“性能”的庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)是存儲(chǔ)成本、缺貨成本、訂貨正本和過(guò)時(shí)成本。這兒有些例子癥狀就是（生產(chǎn)）計(jì)劃過(guò)程的不穩(wěn)定性，加急訂單的出現(xiàn)和低效運(yùn)行的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。首先，應(yīng)用編制在解決一個(gè)庫(kù)存控制的問(wèn)題上在一定程度決定了編制的識(shí)別過(guò)程。最后的結(jié)果應(yīng)該包括兩個(gè)方面的詳細(xì)描述：庫(kù)存控制和編制環(huán)境的庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)。此表呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)方面的詳細(xì)闡述、任務(wù)分配、決策過(guò)程、交流過(guò)程和庫(kù)存控制的行為。Lovejoy, 1998。 Paul et al., 1994). Lovejoy (1998) points out that human behavior should not be ignored in operations management issues. In fact, social aspects can be significant determinants of the effectiveness of inventory control. For example,conflicts might prevent people from passing on important inventory information. In addition,power can obstruct decisionmaking processes concerning inventory. Likewise, motivational problems,uncertainty or inpetence influence the ways in which inventory tasks are executed. Therefore, it is important to consider not only the formal aspects of the allocation of tasks,decisionmaking processes and munication processes, but also the informal aspects in terms of behavior and underlying factors. 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車(chē)工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 Hence, in the anizational context of inventories four dimensions that play a significant part in inventory control can be identified. These dimensions should be taken into consideration when dealing with practical inventory control problems, additional to the traditional points for attention following from the field of operations management and operations research. The resulting approach can be called an anizational perspective on inventory control. This approach has two important characteristics. In the first place, the concept of inventory control is looked at from a multiform point of view. This means attention is no longer focused on just order quantities, order intervals and inventory control systems. Instead, other aspects of inventory control, belonging to the fields of anizational theory and anizational behavior, are highlighted as well. In the second place, the concept of inventory control is looked at from an integrated point of view. This means not only several different sides of inventory control are discussed, but also a great deal of attention is paid to the coherence between the different is an important aspect, since it is the coherence that ultimately determines the effectiveness of inventory control in a practical example, suitable replenishment strategies can be counteracted by inappropriate allocation of responsibilities. In the same way undesirable behavior may disturb sound decisionmaking and munication processes. A lack of coherence can easily arise as a result of conflicting interests. It is generally accepted that anizational members involved in for instance sales, production or finance value inventories differently (Plossl, 1985。 Leschke, 1998). Although these recent contributions have a more qualitative nature, they show the same onesided scope on inventory control as the previous contributions. In fact,most contributions pay little or no attention to the fact that the majority of inventories are situated in an anizational context. From a practical point of view it seems that the anizational setting of inventories should not be disregarded. Being situated within an anizational context several other factors play a part in inventory control. In general these factors lie outside the field of operations management and operations research but should nevertheless be taken into 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車(chē)工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 consideration. Most factors regard the anizational incorporation of inventories and the associated information flows. A significant example concerning inventory management is the allocation of responsibilities and authorities. Inventory control problems can easily arise when for instance nobody in the anization is responsible for the inventory or the responsible person has insufficient authorities to carry out the , high inventory values indicating a lack of control may just be the result of inaccurate inventory records or of a reporting system that does not function well. Thus, the anizational context of inventories also contains several aspects that can affect inv