【正文】 ctive to a practical inventory control problem. The in Africa. The case study shows that the anizational perspective on inventory control is very helpful in dealing with inventory control problems. It is illustrated that taking into account the 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文翻譯 anizational context of inventories, especially the responsibilities and authorities of the persons concerned, is a necessity to accurately understand inventory control problems. In addition, it is illustrated that the anizational perspective leads to a more appropriate redesign. 1. Introduction During the last few decades inventory control has been the topic of many publications. It may fairly be called one of the classics in operations literature. As a result, a large collection of concepts and techniques is available for effectively controlling inventories. There are for example stochastic models to determine order quantities,techniques for forecasting demand and different kinds of ABC analysis. Recently management systems such as manufacturing resource planning(MRP) and enterprise resource planning (ERP)have been added. However, most of these contribution shave similar theoretical background: the field of operations management and operations research. This means the concepts and techniques are mainly based on mathematical assumptions and modeling inventory situations. Although this established approach to inventory control has proved to be very valuable in determining inventory parameters and planning resources, its value can be questioned in dealing with practical inventory control problems. Plossl and Welch for instance state that many firms have inventory control techniques working but they are not reducing inventories. On the other hand, some others are doing a fine job of managing the total inventory investment even without these tools (Plossl and Welch, 1979, p. 26). In addition,nowadays’ authors realize that many of the quantitative methods from the field of operations management and operations research are insufficient to cope with today’s anizational plexity(,1998。對描述這樣一個庫存系統(tǒng)是非常有用的。一般來說，解決一個問題的起點 是一個執(zhí)行預(yù)先設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的庫存系統(tǒng)，在許多情況下，這些預(yù)先設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時根據(jù)成本定義的。這就意味著不再只是關(guān)注于訂單數(shù)量、訂購區(qū)間和庫存控制系統(tǒng)。正如編制行為學(xué)家所強調(diào)的，溝通是所有編制操作的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)（如，格林伯格和巴倫， 1993；羅賓斯， 1993）。大多數(shù)因素與環(huán)境整合庫存和信息流動有關(guān)。傳統(tǒng)上，有些人關(guān)注三個方面：訂單數(shù)量、訂購區(qū)間 和庫存控制系統(tǒng)，而且他們被公認為在庫存控制中扮演著重要的角色。另一方面，許多企業(yè)即使沒有利用這些觀念和技術(shù)也可以在管理總庫存投資方面做得很好（ Plossl and Welch, 1797, ）。例如：職責(zé)的分配，庫存管理權(quán)利的分配，庫存信息的質(zhì)量和相關(guān)的決策過程等等。首先，就是要形成一種編制角度的庫存控制。這就意味著這些觀念和技術(shù)主要基于數(shù)學(xué)的假設(shè)和建 模的庫存情況。第四部分，從案例研究中得出結(jié)論。事實上，大多數(shù)觀點對大多數(shù)庫存處在同一個環(huán)境中這一事實關(guān)注很少或者根本不關(guān)注。此外，庫存控制的有效性取決于庫存決策方式之間的相互關(guān)系。由此產(chǎn)生一個叫做庫存控制的編制透析。本文的下一部分將呈現(xiàn)一個框架圖，而這個框架圖可應(yīng)用于編制視角來解決實際的庫存控制問 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文翻譯 題。最后的結(jié)果應(yīng)該包括兩個方面的詳細描述：庫存控制和編制環(huán)境的庫存系統(tǒng)。 Leschke, 1998). Although these recent contributions have a more qualitative nature, they show the same onesided scope on inventory control as the previous contributions. In fact,most contributions pay little or no attention to the fact that the majority of inventories are situated in an anizational context. From a practical point of view it seems that the anizational setting of inventories should not be disregarded. Being situated within an anizational context several other factors play a part in inventory control. In general these factors lie outside the field of operations management and operations research but should nevertheless be taken into 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文翻譯 consideration. Most factors regard the anizational incorporation of inventories and the associated information flows. A significant example concerning inventory management is the allocation of responsibilities and authorities. Inventory control problems can easily arise when for instance nobody in the anization is responsible for the inventory or the responsible person has insufficient authorities to carry out the , high inventory values indicating a lack of control may just be the result of inaccurate inventory records or of a reporting system that does not function well. Thus, the anizational context of inventories also contains several aspects that can affect inventory control. In order to identify significant aspects in the anizational context of inventories four dimensions can be distinguished. They are the allocation of tasks, decisionmaking processes, munication processes and behavior of the parties involved,as displayed in Fig. 1. First, the allocation of tasks is an important dimension in the anizational context of inventories. According to Lovejoy (1998) this dimension should be part of the foundations of an integrated view on operations management issues. Relevant characteristics in this respect are the number of people that are responsible for inventory management, their functional positions and their hierarchical positions in the anization. Another relevant characteristic is the fit between allocated responsibilities and authorities. Each one of these characteristics might influence the effectiveness of inventory control. Second, anizational theory shows that decisionmaking processes form a significant anizational dimension (. Daft, 1998). Like in other anizational areas, many decisions are made in inventory management, varying from annual strategic decisions to operational decisions concerning daytoday activities. The re