【正文】 as a stabilizer by applying the outerfront wheel brake. The influence of side slip angle on maneuverability, the Bosch researchers explained, shows that the sensitivity of the yaw moment on the vehicle, with respect to changes in the steering angle, decreases rapidly as the slip angle of the vehicle increases. Once the slip angle grows beyond a certain limit, the driver has a much harder time recovering by steering. On dry surfaces, maneuverability is lost at slipangle values larger than approximately 10 degrees, and on packed snow at approximately 4 degrees. Most drivers have little experience recovering from skids. They aren39。s actual motion from the yaw rate (vehicle rotation about its vertical axis) and lateral acceleration, explained Anton van Zanten, project leader of the Robert Bosch engineering team. Van Zanten39?；蛟S需要指導(dǎo)司機(jī)怎樣來恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂密囕v穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。四對(duì)這樣的感應(yīng)器安放在圓柱體的周圍，一對(duì)元件的位置與另一對(duì)的位置相對(duì)。傳感器測(cè)量車輛對(duì)豎直軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)。一只硅壓力傳感器通過控制前輪 剎車內(nèi)壓力油的壓力控制制動(dòng)壓力（因?yàn)橹栖噳毫碓从隈{駛員）。 穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)識(shí)別駕駛員想達(dá)到的（理想路線）和車輛實(shí)際行駛路線（實(shí)際路線）的不同，目前的汽車需要一套高效的傳感器和一臺(tái)高效處理信息的處理器。在干燥的路面偏離角度不能夠超過 10 度，而在積雪路面上極限偏離角度為 4 度。駕駛員感覺到的“搖擺”起初是轉(zhuǎn)彎或者與車的軸線形成一個(gè)紡錘形時(shí)。帕夫在《汽車工程師》雜志所提到的，穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)是 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)的合理擴(kuò)展。 一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單和較低效率的博世的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)也在 1995 年出現(xiàn)在慕尼黑寶馬公司的 AG 系列 750iL 和 850Ci V12 兩款車上。用戶可以選擇 750 美元的系統(tǒng)，就像應(yīng)用于默西迪絲的試驗(yàn)用的 V8 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的，也可以選擇價(jià)格為 2400 美元的應(yīng)用于六缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車的系統(tǒng)。這項(xiàng)新系統(tǒng)的額外費(fèi)用主要用于一系列目前汽車日益普遍應(yīng)用的制動(dòng) /牽引控制鎖組件。過程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)反應(yīng)時(shí)間是 40 毫秒 人的平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間的七分之一。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)已被應(yīng)用于奔馳 S600 汽車了。 穩(wěn)定的機(jī)械自動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能夠在制動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)肇端，并且在駕駛?cè)藛T發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠反應(yīng)以前實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛的減速。 羅伯特博世工程系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)人安東 穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)技術(shù)首次應(yīng)用于歐洲 的奔馳 S600 汽車，是由德國斯圖加特市的羅伯特博世公司和奔馳公司在過去幾年共同研制的。后者的系統(tǒng)中差不多有 1650 美元是用于牽引控制系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定性系統(tǒng)的先決條件。寶馬公司的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)（ DSC）運(yùn)用的車輪速度傳感器同牽引控制系統(tǒng)和標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)一樣能夠識(shí)別外部情況，使車輛更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)曲線行駛和轉(zhuǎn)彎。但是 ABS 系統(tǒng)的作用發(fā)生在制動(dòng)時(shí)車輪轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒈绘i死時(shí)，牽引控制是預(yù)防加速時(shí)的車輪滑動(dòng)，穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)是當(dāng)汽車自由轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)能獨(dú)立于駕駛員作出操作。一個(gè)獨(dú)立的傳 感器必須能夠識(shí)別這個(gè)“紡錘”，而 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)通過車輪的轉(zhuǎn)速不能檢測(cè)車輛的橫向運(yùn)動(dòng)。 多數(shù)司機(jī)沒有從制動(dòng)中恢復(fù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 博世公司的 VDC/ESP 電子控制單元是一個(gè)由兩個(gè) 48 兆的 ROM 組成的傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)電路板。 確定車輛實(shí)際的行駛路線是一項(xiàng)非常復(fù)雜的工作。這個(gè)測(cè)量原理來源于航空工業(yè)，并且被博施公司大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用于汽車工業(yè)。其中的一對(duì)通過應(yīng)用正弦電壓引起柱體在其固有頻率下產(chǎn)生共振，并將振動(dòng)傳送給變頻器。就像當(dāng)初讓司機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)不能向防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)里泵油一樣。s group and a team of engineers from MercedesBenz, led by project manager Armin Muller, developed the first fully effective stability control system, which regulates engine torque and wheel brake pressures using traction control ponents to minimize the difference between the desired and actual motion. Automotive safety experts believe that stability control systems will reduce the number of accidents, or at least the severity of damage. Safety statistics say that most of the deadly accidents in which a single car spins out (accounting for four percent of all deadly collisions) could be avoided using the new technology. The additional cost of the new systems are on the order of the increasingly popular antilock brake/traction control units now available for cars. The debut of stability control technology took place in Europe on the MercedesBenz S600 coupe this spring. Developed jointly during the past few years by Robert Bosch GmbH and MercedesBenz AG, both of Stuttgart, Germany, Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC). in Bosch terminology, or the Electronic Stability Program (ESP), as Mercedes calls it, maintains vehicle stability in most driving situations. Bosch developed the system, and MercedesBenz integrated it into the vehicle. Mercedes engineers used the stateoftheart DaimlerBenz virtualreality driving simulator in Berlin to evaluate the system under extreme conditions, such as strong crosswinds. They then put the system through its paces on the slick ice of Lake Hornavan near Arjeplog, Sweden. Work is currently under way to adapt the technology to buses and large trucks, to avoid jackknifing, for example. Stability control systems will first appear in mid1995 on some European SClass models and will reach the . market during the 1996 model year (November 1995 introduction). It will be available as a $750 option on Mercedes models with V8 engines, and the following year it will be a $2400 option on sixcylinder 鉣 俕 嶏 ?? ? ?$1650 of the latter price is for the traction control system, a prerequisite for stability control. Bosch is not alone in developing such a safety system. ITT Automotive of Auburn Hills, Mich., introduced its Automotive Stability Management System (ASMS) in January at the 1