【正文】 。 flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.。 ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.。應(yīng)該指出 ,日本液壓傳動(dòng)的發(fā)展較歐美等國(guó)家晚了近 20 多年。 in 1910 on the hydraulic trans mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of develo pment. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn) (19141918)后液壓傳動(dòng)廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是 1920年以后，發(fā)展更為迅速。s first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oilwater and further improved. 液壓傳動(dòng)和氣壓傳動(dòng)稱(chēng)為流體 傳動(dòng)，是根據(jù) 17 世紀(jì)帕斯卡提出的液體靜壓力傳動(dòng)原理而發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門(mén)新興技術(shù)， 1795年英國(guó)約瑟夫?布拉曼 (Joseph Braman,17491814)，在倫敦用水作為工作介質(zhì)，以水壓機(jī)的形式將其應(yīng)用于工業(yè)上，誕生了世界上第一臺(tái)水壓機(jī)。 The Second World War (19411945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan39。 iron and steel indu stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device。液壓泵的結(jié)構(gòu)形式一般有齒輪泵、葉片泵和柱塞泵。 Auxiliary ponents, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. 輔助元件包括油箱、濾油器、油管及管接頭、密封圈、壓力表、油位油溫計(jì)等。液壓源含有液壓泵、電動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓輔助元件；液壓控制部分含有各種控制閥，其用于控制工作油液的流量、壓力和方向；執(zhí)行部分含有液壓缸或液壓馬達(dá)，其可按實(shí)際要求來(lái)選擇。 不僅應(yīng)對(duì)液壓回路進(jìn)行編號(hào)，也應(yīng)對(duì)實(shí)際設(shè)備進(jìn)行編號(hào)，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)故障。 5, the general use of mineral oil as a working medium, the relative motion can be selflubricating surface, long service life。 5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure。它的工作的可靠性和使用壽命，是衡量液壓系統(tǒng)好壞的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。 2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of highspeed impact and the control valve to open the closure of the impact of the process are the reasons for the vibration system. Strong vibration control action will cause the system to error, the system will also be some of the more sophisticated equipment error, resulting in system failures. Solutions: hydraulic pipe should be fixed to avoid sharp bends. To avoid frequent changes in flow direction, can not avoid damping measures should be doing a good job. The entire hydraulic system should have a good damping measures, while avoiding the external local oscillator on the system. 振動(dòng) 液壓系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)也是其痼疾之一。內(nèi)泄漏雖然不會(huì)產(chǎn)生液 壓油的損失，但是由于發(fā)生泄漏，既定的控制動(dòng)作可能會(huì)受到影響，直至引起系統(tǒng)故障。 to the low power, low noise, vibration, without leakage, as well as pollution control, waterbased media applications to adapt to environmental requirements, such as the direction of development。 ponent performance to highspeed, highfrequency, highresponse, highlife, high temp erature, high voltage direction, monly used oilfree lubrication, application of new technology, new technology and new materials. 產(chǎn)品向體積小、重量輕、功耗低、組合集成化方向發(fā)展，執(zhí)行元件向種類(lèi)多、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、 定位精度高方向發(fā)展；氣動(dòng)元件與電子技術(shù)相結(jié)合，向智能化方向發(fā)展；元件性能向高速、高頻、高響應(yīng)、高壽命、耐高溫、耐高壓方向發(fā)展，普遍采用無(wú)油潤(rùn)滑，應(yīng)用新工藝、新技術(shù)、新材料。 。 （ 1）采用的液壓元件高壓化，連續(xù)工作壓力達(dá)到 40Mpa，瞬間最高壓力達(dá)到 48Mpa； (2) diversification of regulation and control。 active use of new techniques, new materials and electronics, sensing and other hightech. 液壓元件將向高性能、高質(zhì)量、高可靠性、系統(tǒng)成套方向發(fā)展；向低能耗、低噪聲、振動(dòng)、無(wú)泄漏以及污染控制、應(yīng)用水基介質(zhì)等適應(yīng)環(huán)保要求方向發(fā)展；開(kāi)發(fā)高集成化高功率密度、智能化、機(jī)電一體化以及輕小型微型液壓元件；積極采用新工藝、新材料和電子、傳感等高新技術(shù)。液壓油直接泄漏到環(huán)境中，除了會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的工作環(huán)境外，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)壓力不夠引發(fā)故障。強(qiáng)的振動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)控制動(dòng)作發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，也會(huì)使系統(tǒng)中一些較為精密的儀器發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)故障。在接觸式密封中，分為自封式壓緊型密封和自封式自緊 6 型密封（即唇形密封）兩種。 In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of ponents, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic sys