【正文】 f progress, but with mainframe development needs, and the world39。s market place . Overall capacity, is already in oversupply situation, in particular the general low level of hydraulic, pneumatic and seals, the general oversupply。 (2) the number of enterprises manufacturing technology, the level of equipment and management standards are paratively backward, coupled with a strong sense of quality, resulting in low levels of product performance, quality, Reliability poor services in a timely manner, lack of user satisfaction and trust of the brandname products。 Pneumatic industry output 419 million yuan, accounting for world No. 10. the current supply and demand profiles Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technological innovation, and highpressure piston pump, gear pumps, vane pump, General Motors hydraulic valves, tanks, Nonlubricated aerodynamic pieces and various seals of the first large technology products has increased 外文資料翻譯 5 noticeably. stability of the mass production may, for various mainframe products provide a level of assurance. In addition, hydraulic and pneumatic ponents of the CAD system, pollution control, proportional servo technology has scored some achievements, and is already in production. Currently, hydraulic, pneumatic and seals products total about 3,000 species, more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are 1,200 hydraulic varieties, more than 10,000 specifications (including hydraulic products 60 varieties 500 specifications)。 6039。為了為了避免電流不平衡導(dǎo)致破壞原有的安全性，控制器之間的數(shù)據(jù)信號需通過信號隔離器，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣信息的通斷連接。 現(xiàn)場總線的使用上，在德國的 EEP 公司采用現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的傳遞，而 MARCO 公司使用自定義格式收集器技術(shù)。據(jù)中國液壓氣動密封件工業(yè)協(xié)會 1998 年年報統(tǒng)計，液壓產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷率為 97 .5%（液力為 101%），氣動為 %，密封為 %。據(jù) 1995 年全國第三次工業(yè)普查統(tǒng)計，我國液壓、氣動和密封件工業(yè)鄉(xiāng)及鄉(xiāng)以上年銷售收入在 100 萬元以上的國營、村辦、私營、合作經(jīng)營、個體、 “三資 ”等企業(yè)共有 1300 余家，其中液壓約 700 家，氣動和密封件各約 300 余家。為此，原一機(jī)部于 1982 年組建了通用基礎(chǔ)件工業(yè)局，將原有分散在機(jī)床、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、工程機(jī)械等行業(yè)歸口的液壓、氣動和密 封件專業(yè)廠，統(tǒng)一劃歸通用基礎(chǔ)件局管理，從而使該行業(yè)在規(guī)劃、投資、引進(jìn)技術(shù)和科研開發(fā)等方面得到基礎(chǔ)件局的指導(dǎo)和支持。進(jìn)入 60 年代后，液壓技術(shù)的應(yīng)用從機(jī)床逐漸推廣到農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和工程機(jī)械等領(lǐng)域，原來附屬于主機(jī)廠的液壓車間有的獨(dú)立出來，成為液壓件專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠。對液壓油實(shí)行方向、壓力和流量調(diào)節(jié)。外文資料翻譯 1 外文資料譯文 液壓系統(tǒng) 緒論 液壓站又稱液壓泵站，是獨(dú)立的液壓裝置。 閥組合－ －板式閥裝在立板上，板后管連接，與集成塊功能相同。到了 60 年代末、 70 年代初，隨著生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展，特別是在為第二汽車制造廠等提供高效、自動化設(shè) 備的帶動下，液壓元件制造業(yè)出現(xiàn)了迅速發(fā)展的局面，一批中小企業(yè)也成為液壓件專業(yè)制造廠。從此進(jìn)入了快速發(fā)展期，先后引進(jìn)了 60 余項(xiàng)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)，其中液壓 40 余項(xiàng)、氣動 7 項(xiàng)，經(jīng)消化吸收和技術(shù)改造，現(xiàn)均已批量生產(chǎn)，并成為行業(yè)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品。按 1996 年國際同行業(yè)統(tǒng)計，我國液壓行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 億元，占世界第 6 位；氣動行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 億元，占世界第 10 位。這充分反映了產(chǎn)銷基本銜接。開放集電極技術(shù)。 (1)企業(yè)產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力不強(qiáng)，技術(shù)開發(fā)的水平和速度不能完全滿足先進(jìn)主機(jī)產(chǎn)品、重大技術(shù)裝備和進(jìn)口設(shè)備的配套和維修需要； (2)不少企業(yè)的制造工藝、裝備水平和管理水平都較落后，加上質(zhì)量意識不強(qiáng)，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品性能水平低、質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定、可靠性差，服務(wù)不及外文資料翻譯 5 時，缺乏使用戶滿意和信賴的名牌產(chǎn)品； (3)行業(yè)內(nèi)生產(chǎn) 專業(yè)化程度低，力量分散，低水平重復(fù)嚴(yán)重，地區(qū)和企業(yè)之間產(chǎn)品趨同，盲目競爭，相互壓價，使企業(yè)效益下降，資金缺乏、周轉(zhuǎn)困難，產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和技術(shù)改造投入不足，嚴(yán)重地制約了行業(yè)整體水平的提高以及競爭實(shí)力的增強(qiáng)； (4)國內(nèi)市場國際化程度日益提高，國外公司紛紛進(jìn)入中國市場參與競爭，加上國內(nèi)私營、合作經(jīng)營、個體、三資等企業(yè)的崛起，給國有企業(yè)造成愈來愈大的沖擊。s a nd 70 for specialized production system 。 Pneumatic are 1,350 varieties, more than 8,000 specifications。 (3) industry specialization of production low, scattered strength, low repeat serious, between regions and enterprises of convergence products, bli ndly pete with each other, driving down prices, the decline of enterprise returns, lack of funds, liquidity difficulties, product development and technological transformation is inadequate and seriously restricted the industry to improve the overall level of petition and the increase of strength。s market has basically bee a structural surplus of the characteristics of the buyer39。 aerodynamic pieces yield million. sales of about billion (of which about