【正文】 封火災(zāi) 升級(jí)為 整個(gè)表面 和 碼頭 火災(zāi)。在 80 雷擊事故 中 ，幾十個(gè)儲(chǔ)罐 被擊中造成的直接 影響是罐 頂 吹掉和 大規(guī)模的破壞。 罐體 失真和人 的 過失 僅發(fā)生過幾次。因?yàn)槿菀撰@得事故信息 ， 美國已審查 105 宗意外。 本文的目的是要 分析 導(dǎo)致發(fā)生在過去的 40 年 的 242 罐事故的原因。多數(shù)這些事故本來是可以避免的 。Lonnermark, 2021). The ignition tore the insulated cone roof into several pieces resulting a full surface fire. A fire destroyed an almost empty refinery gasoline tank during a 2021 tank inspection in Superior, Wisconsin (Perssonamp。 USCHSIB, 2021。 UL,1986。A study of storage tank accidents James I. Changa, ChengChung Linb 【 Abstract】 This paper reviews 242 accidents of storage tanks that occurred in industrial facilities over last 40 years. Fishbone Diagram is applied to analyze the causes that lead to accidents. Corrective actions are also provided to help operating engineers handling similar situations in the future. The results show that 74% of accidents occurred in petroleum refineries, oil terminals or storage. Fire and explosion account for 85%of the accidents. There were 80 accidents (33%) caused by lightning and 72 (30%) caused by human errors including poor operations and maintenance. Other causes were equipment failure, sabotage, crack and rupture, leak and line rupture, static electricity, open flames etc. Most of those accidents would have been avoided if good engineering have been practiced. Keywords: Fishbone Diagram。 1987). Most panies follow those standards and guidelines in the design, construction and operation, but tank accidents still occur. Learning from the past history is definitely important for the future safe operation of storage tanks. The purpose of this paper is to categorize the causes that lead to 242 tank accidents occurred in last 40 years. The fishbone diagram (The cause and effect diagram) invented by Dr Kaoru Ishikawa (Ishikawa and Lu, 1985) is used to summarize the effects and the causes that create or contribute to those effects. We hope that this work will be beneficial to tank operators and engineers. 2. Overall statistics The information of 242 tank accidents reviewed in this work was collected from published reports (March and Mclennan, 1990。 ICHemE, 2021。 Lonnermark, 2021). In 1983, three Crinto, Nicaragua workers were killed in an explosion while repairing a purification duct on top of an oil storage tank. In a 1994 accident, during a grinding operation on a tank holding petroleum based sludge, the tank was propelled upward, injuring 17 workers and spilling its contents over a containment beam into a river (USEPA, 1997). In a 2021 incident, naphtha trapped in the seal ignited during a cleaning operation of a naphtha storage tank at an Anchorage, Alaska petroleum tank farm, (Perssonamp。 關(guān)鍵詞：魚骨圖 ； 事故統(tǒng)計(jì) ； 火災(zāi)和爆炸 儲(chǔ)油罐 在 煉油廠和化工廠 中是用來存放 大量的易燃和危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品 的 。那個(gè)薰石川博士（ Ishikawa 和陸， 1985 年）發(fā)明 的 圖 表 （ 事故 的原因及影響示意圖）是用來總結(jié)了 事故 影響和原因，建立或 有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)這些效果。如表 2 所示，意外事故更頻繁地發(fā)生在煉油廠 116 例（ ％）。財(cái)產(chǎn)損失很少被報(bào)道 ，這個(gè) 信息很難查找。 1995 年 10 月 24